SPECIES. 195 



or possibly a second (O.falkland-ica}, is positively referable to 

 aiiy particular species as now known. 



Three years later (in 1820) Desinarest again, in his "Mamuia- 

 logie" (Encyclopedic Methodique, vol. clxxxii, pp. 248-252), re- 

 described the Otaries, reducing the number of species to eight 

 by uniting his Otaria pusilla to his Otaria peronl under the 

 latter name, which now relates not only to the Fur Seals of the 

 western coast of Australia, but also to those of the Cape of Good 

 Hope. 



Lesson, eight years later, in his article on the Otaries (Dic- 

 tionuaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle, vol. xiii, 1828, pp. 419- 

 426), raised the number to fifteen. One is purely mythical ; five 

 or six can be determined as equivalent to species now commonly 

 recognized, but the greater part are not satisfactorily identifia- 

 ble. His species are the following : 1. Otaria fabricii (=" Phoca 

 w#wa Fabricius " ; habitat, Greenland; wholly undeterminable ; 

 certainly not an Eared Seal, and probably wholly mythical) ; 2. 

 Otaria stelleri ( =Leo marinus, Steller, =Eumetopias stelleri, which 

 here receives its first distinctive name) ; 3. Otaria calif or niana 

 (=" jeune Lion inarin de la California.," of Choris, and hence = 

 Zaloplms gillespii of recent authors, which here received its first 

 specific name*) ; 4. Otaria ~kraschenninikowii (= Ursus marinus, 



a long footnote to this description he gives quotations from Olaus Magnus, 

 Zorgdrager, Charlevoix, and from collections of voyages, which relate to the 

 Seals of both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, none of which probably re- 

 fer to any species of Eared Seal. On the following page he says: "C'est 

 par nne convenauce qui d'abord paroit assez le~gere, & par quelques rapports 

 fugitifs qne nous avons juge" que ce second phoque (pi. LIII) e~toit le plioca 

 des anciens ; on nous a assure" que 1'individu que nous avous vu veuoit des 

 Indes, &, il est aumoinstres-probablequ'ilvenoit desniers dn Levant; . . ." 

 Hist. Nat., xiii, 1765, pp. 340, 341. Though assumed to be a Mediterranean 

 species, the origin of the specimen here described and figured as "Le Petit 

 Phoque" is avowedly unknown, and a certainly ereoneous habitat is as- 

 signed to it. This is the sole basis, however, for the Phoca pusilla of all the 

 earlier systematists, and of some modern ones. As already stated, Desina- 

 rest'?; Otaria pusilla is purely mythical; for while he describes an Eared Seal, 

 he claims for it a Mediterranean habitat, and deems it to be the species 

 described by Aristotle, Pliny, and .Elian, and figured by Belou, and even 

 goes so far as to say, "Buffon et Erxleben paroissent avoir confondu, avec 

 ce phoque, de jeunes individus d'autres especes particulieres aux Terres Aus- 

 trales, et particulieremeut a 1'ours-marin de Tile de Juan-Fernandez. Quant 

 a lui, il semble propre a la Mediterran6e." The Phoca pusilla of Erxleben and 

 Gmeliu is a heterogenous compound of Eared and Earless Seals from both 

 hemispheres. 



* See further remarks, postea, Tinder Eumetopias stellerl and Zaloplms calif or- 

 nianus. 



