368 CALLORHINUS URSINUS NORTHERN FUR SEAL. 



feathering forward and sweeping back flatly, opposed to the 

 water, with great rapidity and energy, and are evidently the 

 sole propulsive power. 



"All their movements in the water, when in traveling or sport, 

 are quick and joyous, and nothing is more suggestive of intense 

 satisfaction and great comfort than is the spectacle of a few 

 thousand old bulls and cows, off and from a rookery in August, 

 idly rolling over, side by side, rubbing and scratching with the 

 fore and hind flippers, which are here and there stuck up out 

 of the water like lateen-sails, or ' cat-o'-nine tails,' in either case, 

 as it may be. 



"When the 'holluschukie' are up on land they can be readily 

 separated into two classes by the color of their coats and size, 

 viz, the yearlings, and the two, three, four, and five year old 

 bulls. 



" The first class is dressed just as they were after they shed 

 their pup-coats and took on the second the previous year, in 

 September and October, and now, as they come out in the 

 spring and summer, the males and females cannot be distin- 

 guished apart, either by color or size; both yearling sexes 

 having the same gray backs and white bellies, and are the same 

 in behavior, action, weight, and shape. 



"About the 15th and 20th of August they begin to grow 

 1 stagey,' or shed, in common with all the other classes, the pups 

 excepted. The over-hair requires about six weeks from the 

 commencement of the dropping or falling out of the old to its- 

 full renewal. 



" The pelage, or fur, which is concealed externally by the 

 hair, is also shed and renewed slowly in the same manner; but, 

 being so much finer than the hair, it is not so apparent. It was 

 to me a great surprise to ' learn,' from a man who has been 

 heading a seal-killing party on these islands during the past 

 three years, and the Government agent in charge of these in- 

 terests, that the seal never shed its fur ; that the over-hair only 

 was cast off and replaced. To prove that it does, however, is a 

 very simple matter, and does not require the aid of a micro- 

 scope. For example, take up a prime spring or fall skin, after 

 every single over-hair on it has been plucked out, and you will 

 have difficulty, either to so blow upon the thick, fine fur, or 

 to part it with the fingers, as to show the hide from which it 

 has grown; then take a 'stagey' skin, by the end of August 

 and early in September, when all the over-hair is present, about 



