TECHNICAL HISTORY GENERA. 417 



1 {carded Seal from Callocephalus to bear this uarne. Hence 

 Gray's genus Phoca (type ami sole species PJioca barbata) had 

 nothing in common with the Linmean genus of that name, 

 being assigned to a species unknown to Liuue, so that Phoca, 

 Gray, as here defined, was virtually a new genus. 



In 1854 the same author* proposed the genus Hdiophoca for 

 a nominal species which he himself ten years later referred to 

 Monnclnis albiventer. In 180-4 1 he added Hulicyon and Pago- 

 w UN, the first based on what he described as a new species from 

 the west coast of North America, but which is merely the Phoca 

 mtulina from the Pacific, and the other on the Ringed Seal 

 (Phoca foetid a), which is here made the type of a new genus. 

 Payomys, as will be shown later, is antedated by Pus'a of Scopoli. 



In 18GG Dr. Gill, in his "Prodrome of a Monograph of the 

 Pinnipedes/'! instituted the genus Erignathus for the Phoca 

 barbata of authors (= Phoca, Gray), and insisted on the restora- 

 tion of Phoca for the group represented by Phoca mtulina, and 

 in defense of his position offered the following: "In the Syst. 

 Nat., 10th ed., 1758, the first in which the binomial system was 

 introduced, four species were included by Linnaeus in the genus 

 Phoca: 1. P. ur sinus, = Arctocephalus ur sinus ; 2. P. leonina, 

 = Nacrorliinus leoninus ; 3. P. rosmarus, = Rosmarus obesus / 

 4. P. vitulina. The name Phoca must be retained for one of 

 these, and as the third, second, and first species were succes- 

 sively elevated to the rank of generic types, and the genus was 

 thus by elimination restricted to the fourth species, for that and 

 its allies the generic name must necessarily be reserved." 



In regard to the above it may be added that Linne, in 1766, 

 (Syst. Nat., 12th ed.) removed his Phoca rosmarus to THchechus, 

 while Peron, as early as 1816, and Desmarest in 1817 as well as 

 in 1820 referred the Phoca ursina to Otaria, thus leaving under 

 Phoca, as early as 1816, only Phoca leonina and Phoca mtulina. 

 These, F. Cuvier, in 1824, made respectively the types of his 

 genera "Macrorhiue" (Macrorliinus}, and "Callocephale" (Callo- 

 ceplialus], both in his paper entitled "De quelques especes de 

 phoques et des groupes geueriques entre lesquels elles se parta- 

 gent," || but Callocephalus is the first genus mentioned, and Phoca 



*Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1854, p. 43. tlbid., 1864, pp. ^8, et seq. 



tProc. Esses Inst,, vol. v, 1866, pp. 4-13. 



P6ron and Lesenr's Voy. au Terres Aust., ii, 1816, p. 41; Nouv. Diet. 

 d'Hist. Nat,, vol. xxx, 1817, p. 595 ; Mamm., 1820, p. 249. 

 || Mem. du Mns. d'Hist. Nat, xi, 1824, pp. 174-214. 

 Misc. Pub. No. 12 27 



