TECHNICAL HISTORY SPECIES. 425 



They are, 1. The Kassigicik ( = Phoca vitulina); 2. Attarsoak 

 (= Phoca grcenlandica) $ 3. NeitseJc .(= Phoca foiticla); 4. Neiter- 

 soak, called also Clapmiitz ( Cystophora cri&tata}; and 5. Utsiik 

 (=Erignatlms larbatus). The Neitsek or Ringed Seal (Phoca 

 fcctida) appears to be here for the first time indicated. 



Pennant, in 1771, formally introduced three species into his 

 "Synopsis of Quadrupeds" under English names, the Neitsek 

 appearing under the name "Rough Seal." His description of 

 this species is based wholly on Granz, and those of the "Harp" 

 and "Hooded" Seals on Bgede and Cranz. In 1776 these spe- 

 cies all received systematic names at the hands of Fabricins, in 

 an inedited MS. in Miiller's " Zoologiae Danicee Prodromus" (p. 

 viii of the Introduction, received after the main body of the 

 work was printed), except the long previously named Kassigiak 

 (Phoca vitulina). Fabricius's names, however, were unaccompa- 

 nied by descriptions, but carried with them, the common Ice- 

 landic and Greenlandie names of the species indicated, by 

 means of which they are susceptible of strict identification, 

 aside from their being identified later by Fabricius's own de- 

 scriptions and references to them. The following is a literal 

 transcript of Fabricius's inedited list : 



"PHOCA Jeonina capite antice cristate., I. Blandruselr. Gr. 

 Jfeitsersocik. 



"Ph. feet-Ma, I. UUtlr. Gr. Neitsek, Neitsilek. 



"Ph. grcenlandica, I. Vadeselr. Gr. Atak. 



"Ph. barbala, I. Gmmselr. Gr. Urksid:"* 



Here is the origin of the names still in current use for three 

 of the four species here named by Fabricius. t 



Simultaneously with the publication of Miiller's "Prodromus" 

 must have appeared the first fasciculus of the third part of 

 Schreber's "Siiugthiere" (as appears by contemporaneous evi- 

 dence, although the completed part bears date 1778), in which 

 all these and two other species of Seals are described, in ad- 

 dition to the common Phoca vitulina. In the text they are 

 mentioned only under vernacular names, but the plate of the 



* It is worthy of note in this connection that Miiller himself, on page 1 of 

 the "Prodromus," under PJtoca vitulina, cites the names of "Klapmiits" 

 and "Svartsitle." He then gives a list of Icelandic, Greeulaudic, and other 

 vernacular names of Seals, respecting which he says information is desira- 

 ble, and adds: "varietsites an species?" Yet Miiller is quite commonly 

 quoted as the authority for these Fabriciau names. 



tThe first species of the list bears the name previously given by Linno lo 

 the Sea-Lion of the Antarctic Seas. 



