TECHNICAL HISTORY SPECIES. 431 



Phoca cucullata ( = P. cHstata, Erxl.) ; 4. Phoca metadata (? = 

 P. ritnlina). 



The next work of importance in this connection is Gnieliu's 

 Sy sterna Naturae", which appeared in 1788. Here Erxleben's 

 ,'ive species appear without change of name, and in addition to 

 tin-in the Monk Seal (Phoca monaclnis) of the Mediterranean.* 

 Under Phoca vltulina are three named varieties, to wit,' botnica, 

 sibirica ("colore argenteo. Habitat in lacubus Baikal etOrom") 

 and eaxpica ("colore vario"), which are respectively Erxleben's 

 varieties , <3, and ?, and Schreber's "graue Seehnnd", u sibi 

 risclie Seelumde", and "caspische Seehund". 



In 1790 and 1791 Fabricius published his celebrated memoir 

 on the Seals of Greenland, t in which all the Greenland species 

 arc described in great detail, and the skulls of Phoca grcenland- 

 ica, Cijstophora cnstata 7 Erignathus barbatu-s, and HaUchccnis 

 yrypHs are for the first time figured, while the last-mentioned 

 species is for the first time named. In this series of papers the 

 general subject is exhaustively treated in all its bearings, nearly 

 eighty pages being devoted to the "Svartside" (Harp Seal, 

 P]ioca grcenlandica) alone; twenty-four to the Fiordscel (Kinged 

 Seal, Phoca fcetida) ; twenty- two (including nearly four pages of 

 bibliographical references) to the " Spraglede Seel" (Harbor Seal, 

 Plioca vitiilina); about the same number each to the "Klap- 

 inydsen" (Hooded Seal, Cyxtopliora crixtata); and the "Eem- 

 melssel" (Bearded Seal, Erignathns barbatus). In the bibliogra- 

 phy of these species are, however, given various references that 

 .are not pertinent, particularly under Phoca cristata, under which 

 name are confounded the Sea-Elephant of the Southern Hemi- 

 sphere with the Crested Seal of the Northern. The Halichcerus 

 fjrypns is mentioned (but not fully described), and the skull 

 figured, under the names "Krunisuudede Ssel (Phoca grypus)". 

 As regards changes in nomenclature, he abandons the names 

 fcetida and leonina respectively for Mspida and cristata. His 

 memoir is greatly marred by the introduction into its closing- 

 portion of various species (already referred to in his "Fauna 

 Grcenlandica") that are either mythical or have no relation to 

 the Greenland fauna, as the Sea-Bear ("S/iebiyirne, Phbcaursinaf, 

 the"Sviinssel (Phoca porcina) ", the " S^ehare (Phoca leporina)", 



*Ex "Hermann, Act. Nat. Scrutat. Berol. iv, p. 246, t. sii, xiii." 

 t"Uclf0rlig Beskrivclso over cle Gr0nlandske Stele", Skriv. af Naturh. 



Selsk., Iste Bind, Iste Hefte, 1790, pp. 79-157, 2det Hefte, 1791, pp. 73-170, 



Tab. xii, xiii. 



