Experimental Evolution, Variation, and Heredity 103 



No. 236. (Paper No. 24, Station for Experimental Evolution.) 

 DAVENPORT, C. B. The Feebly Inhibited: Nomadism or the Wandering Impulse 

 with Special Reference to Heredity. Inheritance of Temperament, 

 Octavo, 158 pages, 89 figs. Publishe'd 1915. Price, $1.50. 



The present volume includes two in a series of studies upon the feebly inhibited. 

 The first part has to do with nomadism and includes the results of the study upon 

 the records of 100 families, one or more members of which have shown a tendency 

 to run away from home, families, and duties, or to engage in a nomadic occupation. 

 In these families, out of 186 nomadics, only 115 are females. The hypothesis that 

 best fits the facts is that nomadism is a sex-linked trait. There is no clear case of 

 a nomadic daughter whose father is known to be non-nomadic. All daughters, 

 therefore, of two nomadic parents are nomadic. The criterion that half of the 

 daughters and half of the sons of nomads in varying fraternities derived from 

 nomadic fathers are themselves nomadic is satisfied so far as sons go, less abun- 

 dantly for the daughters. In general, the history shows that nomadic fathers may 

 have no nomadic sons ; nomadic mothers ordinarily have nomadic sons. Thus the 

 hypothesis is supported by the facts, allowing for a certain influence of cultural 

 conditions, which may have a strengthening effect upon the development of weak 

 natural inhibitions. 



The second part deals with the inheritance of temperament a subject which 

 Galton discussed 30 years ago. The facts that have to be met are the great diversity 

 of temperament, some persons being prevailingly gay, others prevailingly somber, 

 while others pass through alternating cycles of elation and depression. For a test 

 of the hypothesis 89 carefully described family histories were available and these 

 afforded 147 matings in which the mated pair, their parents (usually), and certain 

 of their offspring were sufficiently described for the purposes of the test. The 

 hypothesis involves a difference in the method of inheritance of extreme hyper- 

 kinesis (a dominant) and extreme hypokinesis (a recessive). Thus some of the 

 differences of opinion that have arisen concerning the method of inheritance of 

 manic depressive insanity is accounted for. Especial attention is paid to the in- 

 heritance of temperament as seen in identical twins and to the temperamental con- 

 dition that permits suicide. A further consideration of the whole subject leads 

 to a recognition of a dualism that runs through the population of the romantic 

 and classic types of reaction, the feebly inhibited and the strongly inhibited 



Xo. 2- /: 0. (Paper No. 25, Station for Experimental Evolv.ticr..') 



ESTABROOK, A. H. The Jukes in 1915. Quarto, vn-f-85 pages, 28 charts. Pub- 

 lished 1916. Price $2.50. 



When Richard L. Dugdale prepared the history of "The Jukes" about 40 years 

 ago it was the first extensive study of the kind that had been made; and although 

 numerous similar studies have since been made it remains preeminent. Owing to 

 the rediscovery three years ago, of Mr. Dugdale's original notes giving the name 

 and location of the persons upon whom the study was based, it became possible 

 to bring the history of the family down to the present time, and Dr. Arthur H. 

 Estabrook, who had worked upon "The Nams" in New York State, was selected 

 to do the field work. It was soon found that on account of economic conditions 

 the Jukes had been largely dispersed from their original habitat, so that the study 

 has thrown light upon the consequences of the scattering of a feeble-minded, 

 criminalistic community. One is able, also, to compare the frequency of consan- 

 guineous marriages at present with that of an earlier time and also to compare 

 the products of out marriage with those of close inbreeding. The present study 

 throws light, moreover, upon the consequences of bringing children of poor 

 heredity at an early age into better environmental conditions than their homes 

 could ordinarily afford. This study traces the development of some good branches 

 of the family and inquires into their origin. By combining the two studies made 

 40 years apart it has been possible to get a nearly complete history of seven, and 

 in part of eight, generations. The present study is the most extensive and the 

 most prolonged of all studies that have been made on cacogenic strains. 



