Zoology 135 



Dr. Cowles shows that the sand crab Ocypoda arenaria has memory and can 

 profit by experience, and also that it can not detect color, although it readily per- 

 ceives a moving object. The color-pattern of the crab changes under different 

 conditions of light and heat. 



Stockard shows that the habits of the walking-stick insect Aplopus accord with 

 and enhance the value of its remarkable protective coloration. 



In his second paper, Stockard finds that regenerating tissue grows, if necessary, 

 at the expense of the body itself, and if starved the old body actually decreases in 

 size to provide nutriment for the rapidly proliferating cells of the regenerating 

 tissue. He shows that in its remarkable ability to absorb nutriment regenerating 

 tissue resembles cancer and other malignant tumors. He finds that Cade and 

 NaCl tend to retard regeneration, as do also strong solutions of KC1, but weak 

 solutions of KC1 accelerate the process. 



Zeleny studied the regeneration of the chelse of the gulf-weed crab (Portunus 

 sayi) and found that there is no change in the power of regeneration as a result 

 of successive removal in the chelas, also that there is no appreciable change in the 

 left chela as a result of the removal and regeneration of the right chela. He also 

 studied regeneration in the medusa Cassiopea and discovered that the rate of re- 

 generation is independent of the functional activity or inactivity of the medusa. 



Chapman discovered that the booby (Sula fibre), which nests upon Cay Verde, 

 Bahamas, between February and April, lays two eggs, but rears only one young 

 bird. His observations and collections upon Cay Verde have led to the construc- 

 tion of a group in the American Museum of Natural History illustrating the 

 nesting habits of the frigate-bird and the booby. 



Prof. Edwin G. Conklin finds that the egg of the Scyphomedusa Linerges con- 

 sists of a peripheral layer of clear protoplasm, an intermediate shell of densely 

 packed yolk-spherules, and a central sphere of dissolved yolk. The peripheral 

 layer of the egg forms the peripheral layer of the gastrula and blastula and gives 

 rise to the cilia of the ectoderm. The middle layer constitutes the principal part 

 of all of the cells of the body, while the central yolk serves for nourishment. Thus 

 animals so low as the medusse show the beginning of that differentiation of organ- 

 forming substances in the egg which Professor Conklin discovered was so charac- 

 teristic of the eggs of higher forms. 



In another paper Conklin treats of the anatomy and habits of two peculiar, 

 free-swimming Actinian larvae. 



Prof. John B. Watson conducted very elaborate analytical studies of the nesting 

 habits of sea gulls. He caused birds to be taken from Bird Key to Havana, 80 

 miles, to Key West, 66 miles, and to Cape Hatteras, 850 miles from Bird Key. 

 Liberated at these places they soon returned to their nests on Bird Key. 



Professor Reighard gives an account of his experiments, performed at Tor- 

 tugas, which are by far the most convincing that have ever been carried out upon 

 the subject of warning coloration, being performed in surroundings natural to the 

 animals themselves. He concludes that the conspicuous coloration of coral-reef 

 fishes is the result of race tendency unchecked by selection. Warning coloration 

 may, however, be artificially established, but appears not to exist in nature, at 

 least in so far as the Tortugas reef-fishes are concerned. 



No. 132. Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of 

 Washington. Vol. III. Octavo, 152 pages, 38 text figures, 17 plates. 

 Published 1911. Price $3.00. 



This book contains the following papers, not sold separately: 



MAYER, ALFRED G. The Converse Relation between Ciliary and Neuro-rnuscular 

 Movements. 25 pages, 8 text figs. 



HARVEY, E. NEWTON. Effect of Different Temperatures on the Medusa Cassiopea, 

 with Special Reference to the Rate of Conduction of the Nerve Impulse. 13 

 pages, 5 text figs. 



STOCKARD, CHARLES R. The Influence of Regenerating Tissue on the Animal Body. 

 8 pages, 3 text figs. 



HAKGITT, CHARLES W. Cradactis variabilis: An Apparently New Tortugan Actinian. 

 5 pages, i plate. 



MCCLENDON, J. F. On Adaptations in Structure and Habits of Some Marine Ani- 

 mals of Tortugas, Florida. 8 pages, 2 plates, i text fig. 



