lxvi GENERAL SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND 



to a great extent at least, remain horizontal. The same re- 

 sult, on quite a different plan, is aimed at by a Continental 

 engineer. 



CD 



A suggestive and important paper by Dr. Liebreich bears 

 upon the cause of the very prevalent tendency toward im- 

 perfection of vision in the present generation, this, in his 

 opinion, being the result of the experiences of the school- 

 room, in having the windows improperly situated, so as to 

 involve the introduction of light from too many directions 

 at one time, or from an improper quarter. He recommends 

 that such apartments be so arranged that the light shall al- 

 ways come from one side only, and from over the left shoul- 

 der, so that when the pen is held in the hand the shadow 

 shall not interfere at all with drawing or writing. 



O CD 



No question is more important in reference to daily life 

 than that of sewage, and great attention has been given to it 

 in various parts of the world. An interesting contribution to 

 the history of this subject is announced in connection with 

 experiments in Calcutta, where, as the result of an improved 

 system of drainage and sewage, the great mortality hitherto 

 prevalent in that city has been reduced in a very great de- 

 gree, and it is hoped it may be still further prevented. 



The Lieurnur system of sewage, from which so much was 

 hoped, does not appear to answer its purpose. This method 

 consists in the gathering into an air-tight chamber, by at- 

 mospheric pressure, the contents of a certain number of priv- 

 ies, and their removal in air-tight vessels. The impossibility 

 of cleaning the pipes which serve for the transfer of this mate- 

 rial gives rise to a very offensive odor, and it seems, in real- 

 ity, that the very evil is produced which it is intended to 

 remedy. An ingenious method of dealing with the question 

 is that of Captain Scott, mentioned on page 577. 



As already stated, carbolic acid continues to occupy a con- 

 spicuous place as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Other sub- 

 stances recommended for the same purpose are chromic acid, 

 chloralum, protoxide of hydrogen, iodine, etc. 



Among the noteworthy institutions connected with the 

 subject of health, we may mention the "Brown Institution," 

 recently organized in London under a bequest made some 

 years ago. This provides for an establishment, officered by 

 competent veterinary surgeons, before whom may be brought 



