B. TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY. 43 



in a wide expanse of water. Taking Dr. Carpenter's own 

 data as to the difference of temperature between the waters 

 at the equator and the poles, and also his estimate of the rate 

 at which the temperature of the equatorial water decreases 

 from the surface downward, he thinks he has proved, in a pa- 

 per published in the Philosophical Magazine for October last, 

 that the amount of * force which gravity exerts on, say a pound 

 of water, tending to make it move from the equator to the 

 poles, supposing the pound of water to be placed under the 

 most favorable circumstances possible, is only -^~ of a grain. 

 12 A, Jan. 11,1872,202. 



TEMPERATURES IN SOUTH AMERICA. 



A correspondent of the New York Tribune, writing from 

 the Ilassler, refers to the great uniformity of the temperature 

 at sea on the west coast of South America ; thus, on reaching 

 Callao, on the 28th of May, although the sun was shining 

 brightly and the wind was from the equator, the thermom- 

 eter stood steadily at 66 for a number of days in succession. 

 For the seven weeks preceding the arrival of the Hassler at 

 Callao there had been very little difference in the tempera- 

 ture either of the sea or air, as observed on the vessel. 



On the 6th of April, in latitude 43, in San Pedro Channel, 

 the thermometer stood at noon at 69 F. ; on the 24th of 

 May, at Callao, latitude 12, at 66. This, in the words of the 

 writer, would be like leaving Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 

 on the 6th of October, in seasonable weather, and reaching 

 Barbadoes or Greytown on the 24th of November, and find- 

 ing it colder than it was in New Hampshire. 



DEEP-SEA TEMPERATURES IX THE ATLANTIC NEAR THE 



EQUATOR. 



Mr. N.VonMaclay, who, as our readers have-been informed, 

 is in charge of a Russian scientific exploration of the Atlan- 

 tic and Pacific Oceans, reports to the Academy of Sciences of 

 St. Petersburg that on the passage of the Witjcis from the 

 Cape de Verd Islands to Rio he made an experiment, on the 

 3d of February, for the purpose of determining the tempera- 

 ture of the sea at a depth of one thousand fathoms in the re- 

 gion of calms, about 3 north latitude and 24 west longitude. 

 The temperature of the water at this depth was about 38.30 



