D. CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY. 93 



resinous exudations of the Pinits sabiniana, or the well-known 

 Sabine pine of the Sierra Nevada and the Coast Range; also 

 called nut pine and Digger pine. Mr. Wenzell finds that abie- 

 tine possesses qualities which distinguish it from spirits of 

 turpentine and other similar hydrocarbons. It is remarkable 

 for its low specific gravity, and its low boiling-point as com- 

 pared with that of spirits of turpentine. It is a powerful 

 solvent for the fixed and volatile oils, with the exception of 

 castor-oil, which it does not affect at all. It dissolves balsam 

 of copaiba freely, and in all proportions. When burned in an 

 alcohol lamp, with a flame not too large, a brilliant white 

 light is obtained without smoke. Its vapor is powerfully 

 anesthetic when inhaled, and has been used with success as 

 an insecticide when sprinkled in places frequented by moths. 

 Scientific American, March 9, 1872, 97. 



CHINAMINE, A NEW CINCHONA ALKALOID. 



Hesse announces to the Chemical Society of Berlin the dis- 

 covery of a new cinchona alkaloid, which he calls chinamine. 

 This is obtained from the Cinchona succirubra, as grown in 

 British India, and as associated w T ith chinidine, quinine, and 

 other substances. The special therapeutic qualities of this 

 substance have not yet been determined, although the chem- 

 ical characters are detailed at considerable length. 1 A, 

 April 19,1872,191. 



COMBINATION OF ALDEHYDES AND PHENOLS TO FORM COLORS. 



It was ascertained some time ago by Bayer that all of the 

 so-called phenols furnish coloring matters when combined 

 with polybasic organic acids. As the number of these phe- 

 nols is unlimited, as is also that of the polybasic acids, it is 

 evident that an indefinite number of new unions can be effect- 

 ed by the combination of the two series. More recently this 

 field, already so extended, has been still further widened in 

 another direction. 



It was originally found, as the result of the first investiga- 

 tion, that the oil of bitter almonds the aldehyde of benzoic 

 acid was capable of combination with the phenols, but ad- 

 ditional investigations have shown that all aldehydes com- 

 bine with all phenols to form bodies belonging to the group 

 of phenol dyes, if the necessary conditions are complied with. 



