F. GEOGRAPHY. 191 



of the excavations now being made on the supposed site of 

 ancient Troy by Dr. Henry Schleimann. The interest of the 

 article is enhanced by a detailed map representing Troy and 

 its vicinity. Dr. Schleimann remarks that as early as 1868 he 

 commenced his excavations on the heights of Bunarbashi, be- 

 tween the village and the Scamander, not so much in expec- 

 tation of finding the site of the ancient city as to show con- 

 clusively that it was situated elsewhere ; but it was not till 

 the beginning of October, 1871, that he commenced work in 

 the locality assumed to be the correct one. He had consid- 

 erable difficulty in obtaining permission to make the excava- 

 tion ; but the aid of the Turkish government having been 

 invoked, he was enabled to proceed ; and, with the aid of 

 eighty workmen, he began by digging a trench, which, when 

 he was stopped by the winter's rains, had attained a length 

 of about seventy-five yards and a depth of thirteen. 



In the course of this excavation he found remains of differ- 

 ent ages of human history, occurring in strata of compara- 

 tive regularity. Those of historic times never extended lower 

 than a depth of about two yards. But from this to a depth 

 of five yards there were no stones, and the calcined ruins led 

 him to infer that all the buildings had been of wood. The 

 remains found at a depth of from five to nine yards were 

 characterized by an entire absence of metal, while stone im- 

 plements of various kinds, fine pottery, and houses built of 

 small stones united with earth, were to him an evidence that 

 the inhabitants were Arians. 



Still farther down, to a depth of thirteen yards, the houses 

 were all built of unburned brick, while many copper weapons 

 and instruments were found, although the implements were 

 principally of diorite stone. At a depth of eleven yards he 

 found immense masses of large stones, which he believed to 

 be the veritable ruins of Troy. 



In April, 1872, he began his labors again, with a force of 

 one hundred men, which was afterward increased considera- 

 bly, operations being resumed where he left off the preceding 

 season, and the trench was sunk down to the native rock, 

 which was here found at a depth of about eighteen yards. 

 Having passed through the stratum of large stones before re- 

 ferred to, he began to find remains of what he believed to be 

 the temple of Minerva ; and his perseverance was rewarded 



