200 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



Teton was found to be 13,700 feet, thus making it one of the 

 monarch peaks of the continent. The scenery of the Grand 

 Teton Range is truly Alpine in its character, approaching 

 that type more nearly than any other known in the West. 



One of the most interesting and important geographical 

 points in the West is the region of the four passes at the head 

 of Henry's Fork. These passes represent the four points of 

 the compass, and are within a few miles of each other. Hen- 

 ry's Lake is located in the centre. The Targee or East Pass 

 is 7063 feet elevation, and forms one of the great gateways 

 to the Madison Valley, and the sources of the Madison and 

 Yellowstone. Henry's or South Pass is about 6300 feet ele- 

 vation, and opens into the Snake River Valley. Red Rock or 

 West Pass is 7271 feet elevation, and connects the great val- 

 ley of the Jefferson Fork ; while the Madison or North Pass 

 opens into the lower Madison, with an elevation of 6911 feet. 

 The remarkable passes, thus linking the Atlantic with the 

 Pacific slope, are so smooth that a carriage could be driven 

 over them at a high rate of speed. 



Observations for latitude and longitude were made by both 

 parties every night when possible. As nearly all the nights 

 in summer are clear in this mountain region, the observations 

 have been very numerous, and their value in locating impor- 

 tant points, as w T ell as correcting old maps, is very great. 



The collections in geology, mineralogy, paleontology, bot- 

 any, and other branches of natural history, were far greater, 

 and richer in new material, than those of any previous year. 

 The discovery by Professor Bradley, geologist of the Snake 

 River division, of a higher member of the Potsdam group 

 than had been previously known in the West, was a very im- 

 portant addition to our geological knowledge. 



Besides the two parties above mentioned, there have been 

 five smaller parties operating in different parts of the West 

 under the auspices of the Survey. Some differences of opin- 

 ion appeared to exist among geologists in regard to the age 

 of groups of strata belonging to the cretaceous and tertiary 

 formations of the West, and therefore it seemed desirable to se- 

 cure all the evidence that would throw any light on these 

 relations. Professor Joseph Leidy and Professor E. D. Cope 

 spent the summer in studying the ancient Jake basins in the 

 interior of the continent, which have now become celebrated 



