208 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



pelago of Chiloe. As the vessel was without charts, howev- 

 er, the captain feared to attempt the inside passage, and, after 

 making some collections in Port San Pedro, she returned to 

 the open sea, and reached San Carlos de Ancud, at the north- 

 ern end of the island, on the 8th of March. Here was found 

 a;ain the erratic material of the Straits and of the Patasro- 

 nian coast, resting upon the breccia of Ancud, showing the 

 chronological relation of the volcanic formations of this re- 

 gion to the glacial phenomena. 



From San Carlos the ship proceeded without pause (except 

 at Tola for coal) to the Bay of Concepcion. A fortnight was 

 spent here, and at no point were fuller or more valuable col- 

 lections made. From Concepcion Bay the Hassler went to 

 Juan Fernandez ; but, as it was desirable to see something of 

 the geology between the coast and the Andes, a journey to 

 Santiago was made by land. The observations here confirm- 

 ed previous impressions as to the glacial phenomena. There 

 was very little evidence of local action proceeding from the 

 Andes; but the whole Chilian valley lying between the 

 Coast Range and the Andes proved to have been modeled in 

 a south-northerly direction by ice. The valley is, in short, a 

 glacier bottom. At Valparaiso the vessel was rejoined. The 

 following are some notes from Count Pourtales concerning 

 temperatures, etc., based upon soundings, etc., taken on his 

 voyage to and from Juan Fernandez : " In the Pacific Ocean 

 soundings were taken between Talcahuana, Chile, and Juan 

 Fernandez. The hundred-fathoms' line was found to be about 

 35 miles off shore. At a distance of 52 miles the depth was 

 1006 fathoms. In lat. 35 30' S., long. 75 11' W., the depth 

 was 2410 fathoms, temperature 35; mud and fragments of a 

 delicate sponge w r ere obtained by the lead ; but the dredge- 

 line, having been damaged by dampness, parted when hauling 

 up. About 2 miles north of Juan Fernandez, surface tem- 

 perature 61; at 377 fathoms, 41.5 ; at 656 fathoms, bottom 

 temperature 61. The dredge brought up only a few small 

 stones. About 3 miles off the N.W. corner of the same isl- 

 and the depth was 1144 fathoms, bottom temperature 36. 

 The dredge brought up nodules of clay, pebbles, worm-tubes, 

 and a small isis. About 25 miles north of the island a depth 

 of 2214 fathoms was found, with a bottom temperature of 

 36 : bottom of reddish mud. The dredge was lost acrain, with 



