PHYSICS OF THE GLOBE. 



99 



and published a very valuable memoir in the Mittheilungen 

 of the German Asiatic Society of Yokohama, which was read 

 some weeks before the paper of Hattori's. 



On the 27th of April, Mr. D. H. Marshall read a memoir on 

 Some of the Volcanic Mountains in Japan, abounding in cu- 

 rious and important facts. 



On the 23d of June, W. S. Chaplin read an Examination of 

 the Earthquakes Recorded at the Meteorological Observa- 

 tory, Tokiyo (Tokio), in which he compares the records since 

 July, 1875, with the positions of the sun and moon, and finds 

 nothing to confirm Professor Perry's results. There is no 

 special increase of earthquakes at new or full moon, or at 

 perigee or apogee, at time of meridian transit, etc. 



The fifteenth number of the Mittheilungen of the German 

 Society at Yokohama, for the Natural History and Ethnology 

 of Asia contains the elaborate paper by Dr. Kallmann on the 

 Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions of Japan, which was read 

 before the Society on the 16th of February, and is quite inde- 

 pendent of the paper by I. Z. Hattori on Destructive Earth- 

 quakes, read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on the 23d 

 of March. Dr. Nauraann's paper is the result of a well-nigh 

 exhaustive examination of Japanese literature, of which he 

 enumerates the titles of thirty-three Japanese works espe- 

 cially devoted to this subject. He has, of course, carefully 

 converted Japanese dates into the Gregorian calendar. In- 

 asmuch as earthquakes of every grade of severity are no- 

 ticed, he has, in order to a proper discussion of them, first 

 enumerated in detail about two hundred of the more re- 

 markable cases ; then follow especial accounts of the earth- 

 quakes of 1847, 1854, and 1855, accompanying which are 

 elaborate maps. 



He recounts the phenomena which precede or accompany 

 earthquakes, but which do not appear to us to always have 

 any intimate connection therewith. Special chapters are 

 then given on regions of special earthquake activity, begin- 

 ning with the volcanoes of Asamayama, with its lava stream 

 forty miles long, and Fujiyama, following which come the 

 islands of the Idzu Sea and the eruption of the volcano Un- 

 sengatake in 1791. 



Dr. Naumann then discusses the relations of the Japanese 

 earthquakes and volcanoes to the geological formations of 



