134 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



That for 1877 embraces 200 pages, and gives in detail the 

 hourly observations, with their means and the wind-roses. 



In the Bulletin Mensuel, besides the minute observations 

 at the Observatory, there also appear numerous contribu- 

 tions from other portions of Eastern Asia. In the Bulletin 

 for July will be found a description and an interesting series 

 of diagrams, showing the successive changes in a water- 

 spout observed near Shanghai. 



The progress of meteorology is now seen to be so depend- 

 ent on the prompt formation and study of daily weather 

 maps, and this work is so materially assisted by the use of 

 the electric telegraph, that we are not surprised to find com- 

 bined in one person Mr. Charles Todd, of Adelaide, South 

 Australia the various positions of government astronomer, 

 meteorologist, and director of the post-office and telegraph 

 lines. In this last capacity Mr. Todd has been able to great- 

 ly further the extension of the telegraph, and its utilization 

 in weather study and predictions. Since January, 1876, he 

 has published regularly the weather observations from about 

 80 stations, most of which send in daily reports by telegraph. 

 His pamphlet entitled " Observatory and Climate of South 

 Australia" contains a mass of details relative to the climate 

 of the interior of Australia, which has hitherto been to me- 

 teorologists an unknown region. Similar bulletins are pub- 

 lished by Ellery at Melbourne, and Russel at Sydney. 



With the extension of telegraphic communication through- 

 out Japan where it is estimated that even now there are 

 125 stations in operation it is confidently hoped that a 

 system of telegraphic weather reports will be organized, 

 possibly under the initiation of the Department of Public 

 Instruction, at the head of which is Professor Murray, of 

 New Brunswick, N. J. The Imperial University at Tokio, 

 under the Department of Public Instruction, and the Impe- 

 rial College of Engineering, under the Department of Public 

 Works the former under American and the latter under 

 English influence are both advocating such a system. 



GENERAL TREATISES. 



In our last annual summary a very brief note called atten- 

 tion to the publication by Blanford of the Indian meteorolo- 

 gist's " Yade Mecum," and the accompanying tables. 



