PHYSICS OF THE GLOBE. 145 



In the chapter on topsy-turvy movements, he develops those 

 views and formulae which have been elucidated by Espy, 

 Thomson, Raye, Hann, Peslin, etc, in which work lie appears 

 as an entirely independent investigator. In the succeeding 

 chapter, on lateral currents, he gives the formula for the elu- 

 cidation of the monsoon-winds and trade-winds, and con- 

 cludes with some suggestions as to the origin of Indian 

 storms. He points out the fact that the condensation of at- 

 mospheric vapor cannot possibly of itself give rise to any 

 low barometric pressure; for the latent heat liberated by 

 such condensation expands the air to a greater volume than 

 before. 



Wagner, Chief of Section I. of the Deutsche Seewarte, 

 communicates to the Annalen der Hydrographie an excellent 

 summary of Our Knowledge of the Monsoons and Typhoons 

 of the Chinese, Japanese, and Indian seas. 



The climate of Japan is elucidated in a memoir by Dr. J. 

 J. Rein, read before the Asiatic Society of Yokohama, and 

 published preliminarily in the Japan Weekly Mail during 

 xiugust and September, 18*78. He acknowledges that he has 

 to deal with a great many untrustworthy observations. Those 

 of which he makes the most use are by G. Hostetter, three 

 years at Tokio; E. Knipping, two years at Tokio; Mourier, 

 Hepburn, and Sandwith, in all eight years at Yokohama ; 

 Leysner, five years at Niigati ; Blackiston, six years, and Al- 

 brecht, five years at Hakodate ; Gratama, one year at Osaka, 

 and ten years at Deshima. For all the preceding stations 

 monthly extremes and means are given, and the whole paper 

 is rich in description of interesting phenomena. Especial de- 

 scription is given of several typhoons. This paper appears 

 to have been originally presented in German, and is translat- 

 ed by E. Satow. A large portion of it is devoted to the dis- 

 tribution of plants and trees, and their relation to the climate. 



The Dutch Meteorological Institute has issued wind-charts 

 of the North Atlantic, showing the frequency of the winds for 

 each 1 square, and for each month. 



Captain Hoffmeyer communicates to the Vienna Zeitschrift 

 a paper, read before the Meteorological Convention at Paris, 

 in August, 1878, on the Distribution of Atmospheric Pressure 

 over the North Atlantic Ocean during the Winter, and its 

 Influence on the Climate of Europe. After reviewing the 



G 



