PHYSICS OF THE GLOBE. 177 



tention to the views of Volt a, Leopold Von Bach, Muncke, 

 Mohr, Reye, Lucas, Baumgartner, and Dellmann. He con- 

 cludes, however, by saying that previous to any critical dis- 

 cussion of these different theories, it is, above all, necessary 

 that there should be as full as possible a collection and short 

 description of all hail-storms that have been scientifically ob- 

 served with reference to the form of the clouds, the direc- 

 tion of the wind, the atmospheric electricity, the topograph- 

 ical distribution, as well as a collection of the results of sci- 

 entific balloon voyages, and as many as possible observations 

 on high mountains. He hopes in a short time to collect such 

 material, and will gladly welcome any contribution. 



Reynolds has considered the formation of hail-storms, and 

 has artificially reproduced them in great perfection. 



STOKMS. 



Professor Loomis has published his eighth contribution 

 to meteorology, January, 1878, and his ninth paper in July, 

 while the tenth paper is understood to be in press, having 

 been read before the National Academy in October, 1878. 

 The eighth paper deals with the origin of areas of low press- 

 ure, and the ninth paper considers especially those storms 

 that come from the Pacific coast eastward to the Mississippi 

 valley.. He then takes up the areas of high barometer. 

 Combining the two studies with the observations of the 

 clouds, he arrives at a general circulation of the atmosphere 

 similar to the views published by Ley, Hildebrandsson, etc. 



The important memoir of Captain Henry Toynbee on the 

 Meteorology of the North Atlantic during August, 1873, has 

 been published by the Meteorological Council. This work re- 

 lates especially, of course, to the history of the great hurricane 

 of that month, and does not appear to have been prompted 

 by the report of Mr. Abbe on the Nova Scotia hurricane, 

 but to have been begun in December, 1873, quite indepen- 

 dent of, and before the publication of, that work. Captain 

 Toynbee has collected some 280 ships' logs, and has utilized 

 all other sources of information ; so that his work is undoubt- 

 edly the most valuable collection of facts relating to any 

 hurricane which has ever yet been published, and is really a 

 monument to his patience in collating material which, judg- 

 ing from our own experience, must have offered very many 



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