342 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



important rivers the Zambesi, the Kassai, and the Cuiiene. 

 It is considered that the journey between Bihe and Zumbo 

 will be very hazardous, the tierce tribes of Chuculumbe, who 

 occupy the left bank of the Zambesi in lat. 15 S., objecting 

 to strangers entering their territories. 



Senhor Serpa Pinto reports that as far as Quillengues, lat. 

 14 3', long. 14 5', the rivers flow to the west, but only con- 

 tain water in the winter, the first permanent water met with 

 occurring after the first affluent of the Cunene. The monot- 

 ony of the plateau is only broken in Huambo by a mountain 

 range trending to the northeast, and at the southwest of 

 which flows the river Calae. The Cubango has its source at 

 a great distance west of Bihe, near the source of the Cuiiene 

 at Bailundo. All these rivers rise in the vast marshy de- 

 pression of country between lat. 12 30' and 13 S. 



The Catumbella flows westward to the sea, and the Cutato 

 runs into the Tuanga, having its source within the angle 

 formed by the Cubango and its eastern affluents. 



M. Bragga and Dr. Ballay, members of the French expedi- 

 tion for exploring the Ogowe, have returned to France, and 

 a map showing their discoveries is now being constructed. 

 It will show that the Ogowe has its source in a large chain 

 of mountains, and is formed by a number of rivulets. MM. 

 Bragga and Ballay suppose that the Congo River is to be 

 found on the other side of this range of mountains, and that 

 a large portion of the water in the bed of the Ogowe pro- 

 ceeds by subterranean infiltration from the Congo. These 

 assumptions, however, they could not verify on account of 

 the ferocity and hostility of the native tribes, from whose 

 hands the explorers escaped with difficultj r . 



M. Bragga and Dr. Ballay have been awarded the great 

 gold medal of the Paris Geographical Society for their 

 labors. 



Under the auspices of the French government, an impor- 

 tant expedition has been organized under the direction of a 

 French priest, M. l'Abbe Debaize, who is spoken of as emi- 

 nently qualified for the undertaking, which is to be purely 

 scientific in its aims. He sailed for Zanzibar on the 21st of 

 April, intending to cross the continent from the coast near 

 Zanzibar to the mouth of the Congo. Arriving safely on 

 the coast, he left Bagamoyo for the interior on the 6th of 



