438 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



tip-cat) ; the other, external, short, swollen, but of variable 

 form, is the cone. In its structure it is separated by trans- 

 verse stria3 into a certain number of disks, much as in the 

 "staff" of the eye in vertebrates. He then alludes to the 

 actual and heterogeneous series of worms, of which the en- 

 semble constitutes a sort of groupe de depart, allied by di- 

 rect parentage to other branches. This opinion seems to M. 

 Chatin especially defensible when we examine the visual or- 

 o-ans, which assume in them different forms, and which recall 

 the eyes of mollusks or of vertebrates; while others are com- 

 parable, as regards their eyes, to certain lower animals. He 

 finds that in some worms, as seen in Protrula, Vermilia, the 

 staffs of the eyes are like those of Crustacea. 



The stridulating apparatus of the spiny lobster (Pall- 

 nurus) has been found, by Mr. T. J. Parker, to consist of a 

 peculiar modification of the second joint of the antennae 

 working against the lateral surface of the antennulary ster- 

 num. 



The development of the cray-fish has been freshly studied 

 by Keichenbach, who supplements the works of Rathke, Le- 

 reboullet, and Bobretsky. He has found that many of the 

 endodermal cells of the ordinary columnar form are lobed at 

 the end towards the yolk, and give off more or less fine 

 threads of protoplasm, which pass between, and in some 

 cases surround, the yolk spheres. These cells evidently ab- 

 sorb the nutritive matter of the yolk, " not by a passive pro- 

 cess of diffusion, but by an active process of ingestion, the 

 food particles being immediately 'plunged into the living 

 protoplasm of the cell,' and there digested." This active 

 swallowing of particles of the yolk by embryonic cells was 

 first observed by Lankester in the egg of the cuttle-fish. 



Observations on the rate of growth of the barnacle have 

 been made by Dr. Packard, who states that he has found 

 that the common barnacle of our coast (Balanus balanoides) 

 had attained its mature size between April 5 and November 

 17, or in one season. A number of similar observations are 

 recorded by Darwin in his work on barnacles. 



The Royal Society of Sciences of Upsala, founded in 1710, 

 gives evidence of its vitality by the publication of an impos- 

 ing extra ordinem quarto volume in connection with the 

 fourth centennial celebration of the Royal University of Up- 



