4 70 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



and embraces the Great Lake trouts. The species are at once 

 recognized superficially by their pale gray spots, but the 

 chief distinctive characters are osteologieal, and especially 

 the development of the vomer and the crest-like expansion 

 of the anterior tooth-bearing portion, or " dentiger." The 

 species have been unduly multiplied. It is pretty certain 

 that the so-called S. namaj/eush, S. confinis, J$. symmetrica, 

 S. toma, and S. aclirondaciis, which have been quite frequent- 

 ly admitted, are forms of one and the same species Cristivo- 

 mer namaycush. A well-defined second species exists, how- 

 ever, in the Cristivomer siscowet of Lake Superior. 



5. In the Northern Pacific is found a type distinguished by 

 comparatively numerous (14-17) anal rays. They are strictly 

 anadromous species, and the males, in the fresh water, soon 

 develop attenuated hooked jaws, the upper hooking over the 

 lower, and to this character the generic name bestowed on 

 the group OncorhyncJms alludes. At least four species as- 

 cend the rivers of the Pacific slope. The chief is 0. quinnat, 

 the common California salmon ; the other species are 0. gor- 

 buscha, 0. keta, and 0. nerka. 



G. A type closely allied to Oncorhynchus is represented by 

 the red salmon or red trout of the Chiloweyuck and other 

 rivers. It is characterized by its high and much compressed 

 body, and has been distinguished as Hypsifario Jcennerlii. 



It will be thus seen that although the American Salmon- 

 ids have been much reduced in the number of species, sev- 

 eral well-marked types of higher value exist. Three are not 

 represented in Europe, while, on the other hand, only one 

 (IIucJio) is found in Europe which is not represented like- 

 wise in America. It is noteworthy that the single species of 

 Hucho spawns in the spring (April), while all the other sal- 

 mones, so far as known, breed in the fall and early winter. 



Deep-sea Angler -fishes. 



Among the most characteristic of the types peculiar to the 

 great depths of the ocean is the family of Ceratiids. This 

 was first proposed in 1863 for the Ceratlas holbollii, of which 

 several specimens have been secured along the Greenland 

 coast; and that species was the only one then accurately 

 known, although another form {Ilimantoloiihus c/rcenlandi- 

 cus) had been previously indicated from the cephalic spine 



