512 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



most important work on the morphology of higher plants 

 which has appeared during the year. It is very elaborate, 

 and as yet no good synopsis of its contents has appeared in 

 any of the journals. It has been very favorably reviewed 

 by Celakovsky in Flora. The " Mechanische Theorie der 

 Blattstellung," by Schwendener, is a very solid, but rather 

 dry work, and difficult to read. " La Morfologia Vegetale," 

 by Professor Caruel, embodies the author's lectures in the 

 University of Pisa. The subject of general morphology is 

 treated in an interesting and satisfactory manner, although 

 the book is a text-book rather than an elaborate treatise. 

 An important paper by Professor Warming, of Copenhagen, 

 on the Ovule, oivingr a detailed account of his studies in 

 relation to its development, was published in the Annates 

 cles Sciences. Hanstein has published the observations made 

 by the late Alexander Braun and himself, with relation to 

 Ccdebogyne ilicifolia. The experiments were made at Ber- 

 lin upon a female plant shut up in an enclosure, so that there 

 was no possibility of fertilization by pollen from outside. 

 Nevertheless, seed was ripened in this dioecious species, and 

 the fact of parthenogenesis seems to Braun and Hanstein to 

 be proved in this case. A second paper by Kamienski on 

 the Development of the Utricularice has appeared in the 

 Botanische Zeitung. Professor Dickson, of Glasgow, com- 

 municated to the Journal of Botany an abstract of his 

 paper read at the meeting of the British Association in 1S77 

 on the Structure of the Pitcher of Cephalotus follicularis. 

 The Anatomy of the Stem of Monocotyledons, and the 

 Terminal Growth of the Root in Phanerogams, are treat- 

 ed at considerable length in the Annales cles Sciences, the 

 former by A. Gillard, the latter by Ch. Flahault. 



Higher Cryptogams. 



The development of ferns and mosses has been studied by 

 several botanists of note, and a number of interesting papers 

 on the subject have appeared. One of the most interesting 

 is an article by De Bary on Non-sexual Reproduction in 

 Ferns, in the Botanische Zeitung. The paper was original- 

 ly read at the meeting of German Naturalists at Munich, in 

 the autumn of 1877. The object of De Bary's researches 

 was to ascertain whether the abnormal growths arising 



