CHAPTER V. 



THE FOUR SEGREGATIVE PRINCIPLES. 



I. THE NEED OF A NOMENCLATURE DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN RACIAL AND 



HABITUDINAL SEGREGATION. 



1. The Interaction oj Acquired and Inherited Characters. 



The interaction of the factors producing racial segregation and 

 those producing social or habitudinal segregation should, I think.be 

 clearly recognized, and a suitable nomenclature used for presenting 

 the same. Increasing attention is being given to this interplay of 

 influences; but clear expression of the relations of the factors is con- 

 stantly obscured by lack of terms for designating the processes of 

 segregation relating to acquired characters or habitudes. 



In my paper on "Intensive Segregation" I emphasize the impor- 

 tance of the forms of reflexive selection "due to the relations of the 

 members of the same species to each other, and liable to change with- 

 out any change in the environment," and of active (or endonomic) 

 selection "due to change in the successful use of the powers of the 

 organism in dealing with the environment." In another paragraph 

 I say : ' ' Diversity in the uses to which different sections of one species 

 put their powers when appropriating resources from the same envi- 

 ronment must produce diversity in the forms of variation that are 

 most successful in the different sections. This I call active selection 

 as contrasted with passive selection, which varies according to differ- 

 ences in the environment. All diversities of environal selection that 

 do not vary according to differences in the environment must be 

 classed as diversities of active selection, for they must have originated 

 in some variation in the powers of the organism, or in the diversity of 

 uses to which it has put its powers."* The power of the organism to 

 determine industrial segregation is considered in my paper on ' ' Diver- 

 gent Evolution," read before the Linnean Society in 1887. 



In 1896, Professors Baldwin, Osborn, and Lloyd Morgan were inde- 

 pendently led to consider the influence of individual powers of accom- 

 modation in enabling representatives of a species to survive in an 

 environment that would otherwise be fatal, and so "giving time to 

 the species to develop coincident variations (i. e., congenital varia- 



* See Appendix II, Section I, 8, (4) and (18). 



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