82 ANALYSIS OF THE FOUR PRINCIPLES. 



II. METHODS OF THE REFLEXIVE MODE OF EACH OF THE FOUR PRINCIPLES. 



Producing demarcation of habitudinal Producing intensified divergence in 

 groups: habits of groups: 



Reflexive partition. Reflexive election. 



Conjunctional partition. Conjunctional election. 



Institutional partition. Dominational election. 



Institutional election. 



Producing demarcation of racial groups: Producing intensified divergence in 



racial characters : 

 Reflexive isolation. Reflexive selection. 



Conjunctional isolation. Conjunctional selection. 



Impregnational isolation. Dominational selection. 



Institutional isolation. Impregnational selection. 



Institutional selection. 

 Prudential selection. 



These adjectives designate the methods of action by which the 

 members of an associating and intergenerating group influence each 

 other in such a way that the attainment of certain standards of train- 

 ing and of inheritance are necessary to gain a full share in shaping the 

 habits of the group and in propagating the species. But if partition 

 and isolation divide the original group into two or more associating 

 and intergenerating groups, the way is opened for divergence between 

 the separate groups ; for the standards gained by reflexive selection 

 and reflexive election are all subject to gradual divergence through the 

 fact that different standards of size, weight, etc., may bring survival 

 and success to the separate groups in which these differences are 

 found. For example, the bantam fowl, which for many generations 

 has been isolated from the other breeds of barnyard fowls, lays an egg 

 smaller than that of the Shanghai fowl ; but the coordination between 

 the average size of the egg and the average size of the breed of 

 fowls laying the egg is equally attained in each case by filio-parental 

 selection, which is one of the forms of conjunctional selection. 



In our investigation of the different methods of influence resulting 

 in segregation, it will greatly facilitate our comprehension of the sub- 

 ject if we first consider how a given method of influence determines 

 certain forms of selection ; then how far the same method of influence 

 shapes the forms of election determining the acquired characters of 

 the group ; then what its isolating effects may be ; and finally how the 

 same method of influence may divide an original group of freely asso- 

 ciating individuals into several smaller groups and so produce partition. 

 Having mentioned the chief methods of the reflexive influences aiding 

 in the demarcation and intensification of habitudinal and racial 



