50 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 



It is to be anticipated that the Man-t'o shale Rcdlichia fauna will be 

 found at other localities in eastern China, but at the present writing the 

 nearest locality is in southern China near Yun-nan [Mansuy, 1913. In 

 press], about 1,300 miles (2,100 km.) to the southwest. At this locality 

 Redlichia chinensis occurs in a shale and associated with it a new genus of 

 trilobites allied to Agraidos named Palceolenus by Mansuy. 



An interval of about i ,700 miles (2,700 km.) occurs between the Yun-nan 

 locality of Rcdlichia and its occurrence in northern India in Spiti as the 

 closely allied species R. noctlingi. 1 



In Western Australia Redlichia occurs in the Kimberley district. It was 

 published as Olenellus ? forresti [Etheridge, Jr., MSS.] by Arthur H. Foord. 2 



In South Australia a very good specimen of the central portions of the 

 cephalon is mentioned as Olenellus sp., by R. Etheridge, Jr. 3 



The distribution of Redlichia, of the R. noctlingi form, serves to demon- 

 strate that the transgressing Lower Cambrian sea that contained the Rcd- 

 lichia fauna was confined to eastern and southeastern China and northern 

 India. The presence of Red lie hi a -like trilobites in southern and western 

 Australia indicates that there was direct connection between the Punjab 

 Lower Cambrian sea of India and the shallow seas about the Australian area. 

 There is no record pointing to a connection between the Punjab-Man-t'o 

 sea and the Lower Cambrian seas of northern Siberia, or western North 

 America. 



Middle Cambrian Fauna. The lower portion of the Middle Cambrian 

 section and its contained fauna show that a marked change took place at the 

 close of the Man-t'o shale epoch. Willis concludes that aridity and severe 

 cold were conditions of the climate during Man-t'o shale time; that life was 

 abundant elsewhere and with the changing of climate it developed rapidly 

 in the seas following the Man-t'o [Willis, 1907, p. 40]. Of the rocks of the 

 Kiu-lung group following the Man-t'o, he says: 



Middle Sinian, Kiu-lung group. The Kiu-lung group of Shan-tung is a succession of 

 limestones and shales which immediately follows the Man-t'o formation. Transition beds 

 connect the two. Shale is a common rock in both, but in the Man-t'o it is red, whereas in 

 the Kiu-lung it is green. Limestone is thin-bedded and subordinate in the former, in the 

 latter it is usually massive and predominant. The Man-t'o contains a sparse Middle or 

 Lower Cambrian fauna in its upper portion; the Kiu-lung carries very abundant faunas, 

 which range from Middle Cambrian at the base to Upper Cambrian and possibly to lowest 

 Ordovician at the top. 



The known distribution of the limestones and shales and their contained 

 faunas of the Middle Cambrian is outlined by W'illis, also the area in which 

 they are supposed to occur [1907, vol. n, plate 4]. The known distribution 

 from Manchuria on the northeast to central China, and west into northern 



'Mem. Geol. Surv. India, n. ser., vol. i, 1901, p. 2; also Idem., series xv, vol. vn, No. i, 1910, p. 7. 



'Geol. Mag., London, Dec. Ill, vol. vn, 1890, p. 199, plate iv, figs. 2, 20-6. 



'Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia, vol. xxix, 1905, plate xxv, fig. i. (See Tate, vol. 15, 1892, plate 2, p. 183.) 



