Oct. -Dec. 1921.] 



The Canadian Field-Naturalist 



133 



Island, Peiiii.sylvania. Oliio and Indiana 

 (Hay, Notes on Some Fre.'^lnvater Crus- 

 tacea, etc., Amer. Natural., Vol. XII. (16) ; 

 Packard ( 1883 ) , etc. ) The dates upon whicli 

 it has been observed range there from the 

 middle of November to the middle of 

 May; and from the date available it seems 

 that the eggs hatch when the *dried-up 

 pools in which they have been deposited 

 become filled with rain-water in the late 

 fall, or Avith melting-water in the early 

 spring. The larvae then grow to maturity 

 in a month or so, attaining that state in 

 December (January), or April (May), as 

 the case may be. From the new records 

 from British Columbia given here it would 

 appear that their "season" in Western 

 Canada (at least in the mountainous parts) 

 is shortei- fsay from January to April), 

 beginning later and ending sooner than 

 in eastern United States. 



Packard's theory ("Occurrence of the 

 Phvllopod Euhranchipus in winter" Amer. 

 Natural, Vol. XII, 1878, p. 186), that it 

 attains maturity in the autumn is not borne 

 out by any observations. 



In spite of its frequency during the 

 \Aanter in eastern United States, where it 

 is the most typical fairj'-shrimp, no new 



.lata about its biology have been publish- 

 ed, .so far as I know, for the last thirty 

 years: and we do not yet definitely know 

 the number of broods during the time it 

 occurs there. It is probable that there 

 are two generations, one hatching after 

 the fall-rains, the other after the melting 

 of the snow in the sprinj 



ig- 



(1) Tn the same paper E. gelidus is described 

 for the first time. 



A hermaphroditic i^pecimen of this 

 species was found by Dr. C. F. Oissler, in 

 January, 1880, in a pool near Maspeth, 

 Long Island, together with many normal 

 individuals of the same species. It is de- 

 scribed and figured bv him in the Amer. 

 Naturalist, Vol. XV., 'l881, p. 136-39. In 

 the same volume is another article by Dr. 

 Gissler about the influence of the cheraico- 

 physical nature of the particular pond 

 upon the colour and development of the 

 E. vernaUs it contains; it establishes a 

 red and a white colour-variety which do 

 not cross. 



I take this opportunity of correcting 

 a statement I made in these articles (Vol. 

 3.^, p. 41). The genus-name Apus was 

 established by Schaeffer in 1752, and that 

 of Lepidurus by Leach in 1816. The 

 Euphyllopoda were first placed among the 

 in.sects, before it was recognized that they 

 belonged to true crustaceans. 



BIRDS THAT ARE LITTLE KNOWN IN MANITOBA. 



By Norman Criddle, 

 Treesbank, Manitoba. 



The following notes are presented in 

 order to record observations relating to 

 some of the rarer birds found within the 

 boundaries of Manitoba. Most of the 

 species have been recorded before, but as 

 they were considered rare at the time of 

 record additional information concerning 

 them seems desirable. 



Ferruginous Rough-legged Hawk, 



Mr. Atkinson in his "Rare Bird Re- 

 cords" (Trans. No. 65 Historical and 

 \8cientific Soc. of Man.) gives a single re- 

 ^ord of this species as being the only one 

 k Ctnown from the province. As a matter 

 \ Qf fact the bird is by no means uncommon, 

 and, judging from old nests, it has evi- 



dently resided in Manitoba for many 

 years past. Its haunts are very similar 

 to those of the Red-tailed and Swainson's 

 liawks, excepting that it has not been ob- 

 served to spread over the open prairies as 

 the last named species does. The nests 

 are nearly always distinguishable from 

 other buzzards by their bulkiness, due to 

 the fact that they are added to year after 

 year until eventually they become so ab- 

 normally large that they break through 

 their supports or are blown down by the 

 wind. All my nesting records of this 

 hawk were made within, or near, the 

 Spruce Woods Timber Reserve, which is 

 largely made up of low sand hills forming 

 ridges with semi-wooded valleys between. 



^C 



r 



