306 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF THE HEMOGLOBINS 



From table 48 it will be seen that the a-oxyhemoglobin was observed 

 in all species except in Papio anubis, and in this species the blood was not 

 fresh. The /3-oxyhemoglobin was observed in all species except the drill 

 and man; when it did not develop, it was probably a question of its solu- 

 bility. The y-oxyhemoglobin was observed in three species of baboons 

 and in man, this last a rather doubtful observation, as the angles of the 

 crystals could not be definitely measured. As the orthorhombic forms, 

 a- and y-oxyhemoglobin, are both optically negative, it is possible that they 

 are the same substance; this does not seem likely from the way that they 

 developed, but there are no data to prove that thej^ are the same or differ- 

 ent substances. The y-oxyhemoglobin of the yellow baboon, the guinea 

 baboon, and the anubis, the three species in which this form yielded a par- 

 tial axial ratio, show ratios of Papio babuin =0.5317 : 1 : c, Papio sphinx = 

 0.3346 : 1 : c, and Papio anubis = 0.3268 : 1 : t. This apparent discrepancy 

 disappears if the prism in Papio babuin is regarded as (230) ; then the ratio 

 becomes for Papio babuin = 0.3545 : 1 : 6. It will be noticed that while the 

 two orthorhombic forms of the oxyhemoglobin are, as stated above, both 

 negative, the monoclinic form is always (with the exception of this form in 

 Papio sphinx) optically positive. The orthorhombic crystals of the Lemur 

 catta are optically negative. 



PRIMATES. 

 RING-TAILED LEMUR, Lemur catta. Plate 95. 



The specimen was obtained from the Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 

 and was in the form of clots, slightly putrid. The clots were ground in sand, 

 with a little ether, diluted with a little normal saline solution, and centri- 

 fugalized for 2 hours. The specimen had been collected in oxalate, hence 

 no addition of this salt was necessary. From the clear solution obtained 

 after the centrifugalizing, the slide preparations were made in the usual 

 manner. The blood crystallized very slowly ; after 2 hours only very small 

 crystals began to appear, and these were very poorly formed and only irreg- 

 ular aggregates of rods. After standing in the cold for some time, tabular 

 crystals appeared; but these dissolved rapidly when the slides were brought 

 into a warm room. The tabular crystals improved in character, and became 

 quite large and perfect in 4 days. They dissolved rapidly when the tem- 

 perature was raised only slightly, and all examinations and photographs 

 had to be made in a room temperature near the freezing-point. The rods 

 at first formed were so poorly developed that their crystallographic char- 

 acters could not be made out. The plates developed later are probably 

 the same substance as the rods, and were well-formed crystals. They, as 

 well as the rods, were found to be oxyhemoglobin by the spectroscope. 

 Fine hair-like rods were seen with the tabular crystals ; these were evidently 

 of the same crystallization, but were not of sufficiently definite form to 

 determine the crystallographic constants with certainty. 



Oxyhemoglobin of Lemur catta. 



Orthorhombic, pseudo-hexagonal by twinning: Axial ratio a :6:<J = 0.5832 : 1 : 0.3860. 

 Forms observed: Unit prism (110), macrodome (101) (in twins), brachypinacoid 

 (010), base (001) ; also, in the prismatic crystals in twins, the macrodome (403). 



