308 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF THE HEMOGLOBINS 



YELLOW BABOON, Papio babuin. Plate 96. 



Blood of the yellow baboon was sent to us at different times from the 

 Philadelphia Zoological Gardens and from the National Zoological Park 

 at Washington. From the latter source two specimens of blood were re- 

 ceived, one of which was quite fresh; the others were rather putrid when 

 examined. The stale bloods were laked by repeated freezing and thawing, 

 the laked blood centrifugalized, and from the clear solution obtained the 

 slides were prepared. The sample of fresh blood was ether-laked, centri- 

 fugalized for 3 hours, and preparations made as usual. The stale and putrid 

 blood crystallized rather slowly, and the crystals first formed showed a 

 tendency to dissolve in the solution. The preparations from the fresh blood 

 crystallized rather readily at room temperature, but showed the same 

 tendency to dissolve and appeared to be rather porous. 



Two distinct kinds of oxyhemoglobin were observed, besides rods of 

 reduced hemoglobin that were only partly examined. The two kinds of 

 oxyhemoglobin recorded are the a-oxyhemoglobin and the /3-oxyhemoglobin 

 of the genus Papio. The third kind of oxyhemoglobin, seen in Papio sphinx 

 and Papio anubis, is probably represented by the y-oxyhemoglobin recorded 

 for this species. In the stale blood both a-oxyhemoglobin and /3-oxyhemo- 

 globin were well developed, and it was in this stale blood that the reduced 

 hemoglobin crystals were seen. The y-oxyhemoglobin developed in the 

 fresh blood. 



a-Oxy hemoglobin of Papio babuin. 



Orthorhombic : Axial ratio not determinable from the planes 

 developed on the crystals. 



Forms observed: The three pinacoids are the only forms 

 , present; macropinacoid (100), brachypinacoid (010), base (001). 

 Angles: All of the angles between the pinacoids appear to be 

 90, exactly, indicating the orthorhombic character. 



Habit of the crystals, medium to thick tabular, or square pris- 

 matic, with square ends. The crystal seems to be the three pinacoids 

 (100), (010), and (001) (text figure 371); sometimes one predomi- 

 1 nates . sometimes another. In the prismatic crystals that are the 

 first to appear, the apparent prism is nearly square; in the later 

 crystals it becomes flattened on the brachy-axis and the crystals become tabular on (100). 

 In some cases, the crystals developed are practically cubes in form, the development being 

 equidimensional. They occur singly and do not aggregate into regular groups of any kind, 

 nor do they form twins. 



Plcochroism is strong in some aspects and weak in others, so that the crystals, in 

 ordinary light, appear light or dark red, according to the position in which they are 

 viewed. The colors are: a nearly colorless, pale yellowish-red; b and c nearly equal 

 and deep scarlet-red. Double refraction is strong when the axis of greatest elasticity 

 occurs in the section, but is weak when 6 and c are in the plane of the section. Extinc- 

 tion is straight with the pinacoid edges in all aspects. No interference figure was seen, 

 but from the double refraction and the pleochroism the acute bisectrix should be the 

 axis of greatest elasticity, Bx a =a, and the optical character is negative. The orientation 

 of the axes of elasticity may be taken as a=a, &=&, c = <5. 



