PREVIOUS TO THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PREYER. 85 



Reichert looked upon the crystals as being albuminous; Kolliker refers to 

 them as "globulin" crystals; and Funke states that the crystalline sub- 

 stance is the chief constituent of the blood corpuscles, which substance he 

 regards as being a combination of globulin and hematin. Since then various 

 terms have been suggested, such as hematoglobulin, hematocrystallin, 

 cruorin, hemochrome, hemoglobin, etc., but the last, suggested by Hoppe- 

 Seyler, is the universally accepted term at the present day. 



Immediately following Funke, Kunde (Zeit. f. rat. Medicin, 1852, N. F., 

 2, 271) obtained, by a slight modification of Funke's process, crystals from 

 the blood of the bullock, horse, dog, guinea-pig, squirrel, rat, mouse, bat, 

 rabbit, pigeon, and tortoise. He also found crystals of human blood in the 

 stomach of leech. He observed that the crystals from different species are 

 not identical, from which he concludes that the form of the crystals is pecu- 

 liar to each species. Remak (Archiv f. Anat. u. Physiologie, 1852, 115) found 

 crystals in blood of the tench, perch, and roach 24 to 48 hours after death. 

 Parkes (Medical Times and Gazette, 1852, xxvi, 103) accidentally found crys- 

 tals in human blood that had putrefied. Lehmann (Berichte konigl. sachs. 

 Gesellsch. d. Wissensch. in Leipzig, math.-phys. Klasse, 1852, 23, 78; 1853, 

 101 ; Chem. pharmac. Centralblatt, 1853, 98) was the first to make an ele- 

 mentary analysis of the blood crystals. He diluted the blood with 1 to 1.5 

 volumes of water and prepared crystals from the bloods of the guinea-pig, 

 squirrel, and hedgehog. He gives the following figures from his analyses : 



C53-4-54-lH7-7.3Ni5.5-j6.2Sx. 2 



Teichmann (Zeit. f. rat. Medicin, 1853, N. F., 3, 375) obtained crystals 

 from the blood of man and from that of dog, bullock, pig, rabbit, pigeon, 

 and fish. He observed also decolorized crystals. He opposes the conclu- 

 sion of Funke and Kunde that differences in the forms of the crystals are 

 peculiar to species, for he found that even from the same blood various 

 crystalline forms may be obtained, from which he concludes that the form 

 of the crystal is accidental and due to exterior conditions. Berlin (Neder- 

 landsch. Lancet, 1853, in, 16, and 1855-56, v, 734; Archiv f. d. Holland. Bei- 

 trage z. Natur- u. Heilkunde, 1858, 1, 75) describes crystals of the lion and 

 python, and he also found crystals of human blood in the leech. Robin and 

 Verdeil (Traite de chim., anatom. et physiol., Paris, 1853, n, 335) doubted 

 the albuminous nature of the blood crystals, which they thought were 

 phosphates rendered impure by contaminating albuminous substances. 

 Kolliker (Microscop. Anat., 1854, n, 2 Aufl., 280) again reported instances 

 of intraglobular crystallization, and also of his having prepared crystals 

 from the bloods of several species already reported. Bissegger and Bruch 

 (Verhandlungen d. Baseler Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 1857, i, 174) 

 isolated crystals of the rat, and they also found crystals within some of the 

 corpuscles. Meckel (Archiv f. d. Holland. Beitrage, 1858, i, 90) obtained 

 crystals from the blood of man and the pig. 



Dr. S. Weir Mitchell (Proc. Acad. Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

 1858-59; Proc. Biolog. Dept., 2), who was the first American to report 

 studies of hemoglobin crystals, examined the crystals of the sturgeon, 



