TKSTUDINID.<K. 



435 



Fig. 572. Testudo impensa. 



Pelvis of type, xj. From below. 



mm. thick. At the middle of the glenoid cavity the bone is 54 mm. wide and 40 mm. thick. 

 I he procoracoid process extended beyond the middle ot the glenoid cavity a distance of 132 

 mm. The coracoid is short and broad. Each of the borders was about 1 to mm. lone, measur- 

 ing the anterior and the posterior from the glenoid cavity. 



The humerus has a total length of 250 mm.; the head, a diameter of 58 mm.; the shaft, 

 where narrowest, a diameter of 42 mm. The distance across the condyles is 89 mm. The 



... ... angle between the radial and 



ulnar processes is about as in 

 Gophnus polyphemus. The 

 trochlear surface is not grooved. 

 There is an ectepicondylar 

 groove, but it does not end in 

 a foramen. 



The lateral extent of the pel- 

 vis, from the lower end of one 

 ilium to that of the other, is 276 

 mm. The total height is 220 

 mm. The upper ends of the 

 ilia are damaged. The ischia 

 have the posterior processes 

 rather slender and directed out- 

 ward and backward. The lat- 

 eral process of each pubis is 

 short, broad, and rounded on 

 the lower end. The ischiopubic 

 foramen is nearly circular. 

 Differences among the limb-bones, shoulder and pelvic girdles of this species and of T. 

 osbormana are noted in the description of the latter species. 



The few cervical vertebra; present offer no novel characters. The caudals have lateral 

 processes which are about 35 mm. long and directed outward and backward. It appears 

 probable that the end of the tail was expanded and supported a shield of dermal bones, as in 

 1 . orthopygia and T. osbormana. 



The dermal bones present are of various sizes and forms. The most of them have a base 

 which is roughened and has evidently been buried in the skin. The opposite surface is usually 

 smooth and forms a very deprest cone, the apex of which overhangs the base. This smooth 

 surface was doubtless covered with horn. These bones were probably concealed in the skin 

 of the legs. They vary in diameter from 20 mm. to 25 mm. Two larger, more pointed bones, 

 measuring from base to apex 35 mm. to 40 mm. and having a base of 25 mm. or more diameter, 

 probably formed the cores of spurs on the hinder parts of the thighs. Other bones, flat and 

 broad, with some of the sides straight or nearly so, are suturallv united; and these in all 

 probability formed parts of a caudal shield, as in the species referred to above in speaking of 

 the caudal vertebrae. 



Testudo undata Cope. 



F 'g- 573- 



Testudo undata, Cope, Ann. Rept. Chief Engineers, 1875, p. 995 (of separata p. 74); Wheeler's Rept. 

 on Surv. W. 100th Mend., IV, 1877, p. 28^, plate lxvii, figs. 1, 2. Hay, Amer. Geologist, xxiv, 

 1899, p. 349; Bibliog. and Cat. Foss. Vert. N. A., 1902, p. 452. 



Testudo undata was found in the Loup Fork deposits of the Miocene, in New Mexico, 

 by Professor Cope, in 1874. The species is based on the pygal and 7 hinder peripherals, all 

 somewhat damaged. These specimens are in the U. S. National Museum, with the number 

 2127. It is believed to be best to reproduce here Cope's description and the most instructive 

 part of his figure I, of the plate cited (fig. 573). 



The specimen which furnishes the characters of the Testudo undata includes portions or wholes of 

 8 marginal bones and I costal. The former display a strong recurvature outward, and their internal 

 thickening is near their sutural union with the costals. The borders are acute and do not display any 



