TESTUDINID.*:. 



439 



lit" the carapace; peripherals 7, 8, 10, and 11 of the right side; peripheral 11 of the left side; 

 the pygal; fragments of the costals and neurals; the right humerus; the left radius; the left 

 fibula; and the left half of the pelvis. Cope states that the limbs were present, but no other 

 parts of these now remain than those just mentioned. The plastron indicates bv its flatness 

 that the individual was a female. 



The skull (figs. 579-582) is nearly complete and has been described by Cope. A com- 

 parison ot the table of measurements here given with those presented by that author shows that 

 some of the latter are incorrect. Cope's figures, when differing, are given in parentheses. 



Millimeters. 



Length of skull from snout to end of supraoccipital spine. ... 115 



Length of skull from snout to end of occipital condyle 99 



Width of skull at quadrates 72 (80) 



Width of interorbital space 28 (19) 



Greatest width of palatal fossa 32 (36) 



Elevation of occiput above basisphenoid 33 



Length of mandible from articular to symphysis 75 



Depth of mandible at symphysis 18 (19) 



The skull is neither elongated nor broad. Seen from above (fig. 579), the outlines expand 

 from the squamosal processes forward to the front of the quadrates. From the hinder ends 



579- 



580. 



Figs. 579 and 580. Testudo orthopygia. Skull of type. X . 



579. Upper surface. 580. Palatal surface. 



of the maxillae the outlines converge rapidly to the snout. The interorbital space is rather 

 wide and flat. The antero-posterior width across the paroccipital and prootic is 20 mm., while 

 that from the prootic to the hinder border ot the posttrontal is 25 mm. Both squamosals are 

 missing. On the right side, as shown in fig. 581, the absence of the squamosal has exposed an 

 opening into the tympanic cavity of the quadrate. On the left side a considerable portion of 

 the hinder region of the quadrate has been broken away. The roof of the tympanic cavity 

 does not rise much above the upper surface of the paroccipital, and no prominent ridge ran 

 backward on the squamosal. 



The jugal arches are damaged, but they appear to have been narrow; there is evidence 

 that they were at least 1 1 mm. wide. The orbits are nearly circular, and the antero-posterior 

 diameter is 27 mm. The nasal opening has a transverse width of 21 mm. There is a median 

 notch at the symphysis of the premaxillae. The cutting-border of the maxilla (fig. 581) is 

 nearly straight, but the hinder end is missing. The palatal fossa (fig. 580) is wide and deeply 

 excavated. Cope states that the width is 36 mm. This seems to be too great, but the limits 



