218 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



In 1906 Malkoff published another short paper on the sesamum disease. 



The gray, liquefying, polar flagellate Pseudomonas sesami measures 2^ X 0.9/1; the yellow non- 

 liquefying, peritrichiate Bacillus sesami, 1.2/1 X 0.9/1 (fig. 1 iqd). The flagella of the gray form were 

 stained with difficulty (Pepler's stain). While the two organisms can infect separately he thinks 

 there is also a symbiosis. 



Inoculations in pots of sterile soil gave the following results: (1) When seed from sound plants 

 was used unsterilized, or from diseased plants after treatment with formaldehyde, no disease resulted ; 

 (2) When either infected soil or untreated seed from diseased plants was used, the disease appeared. 



This subject is placed here because Honing in Sumatra has found sesamum subject to 

 Bad. solanacearum, and because in a sample of "bacteriosis of sesamum" given me in 1903 

 by Dr. Kornauth, of Vienna, and believed to be of Austrian origin, the morphology of the 

 abundant bacteria and their location in the tissues suggest Bad. solanacearum (figs. 114^/). 



Two bacterial diseases of sesamum are said to have been recognized in India (Bull. 

 Imp. Inst., vol. ix, No. 3, pp. 264-265, London, 191 1), one due to Ps. sesami and the other to 

 Bacillus sesami, but no author is cited, no one is responsible for the statement, and the above 

 is all the information given. 



LITERATURE. 



1884. Comes O. Sulla malattia del pomodoro (Lyco- 

 persicum esculentum) denominata Pelagra o 

 Bolla nella Provincia di Napoli e Sulle Crit- 

 togame che l'accompagnano. Atti del R. 

 Istit. dTneoraggiamento di Napoli, vol. Ill, 

 No. 11, 1884. See also LAgricoltura meri- 

 dionale, Napoli, 1884, No. 16, and Ann. della 

 R. Scuola Sup. dAgricoltura in Portiei, vol. v, 

 fasc. 2, Napoli, 1885, p. 83. Separates also. 



Possibly this reference belongs here. The reader may also 

 consult Comes, Crittogamia Agraria. vol. I. Naples, 1891, pp. 

 498 and 513 el seq. 



In the spring of 1883 this was a common disease in potatoes 

 and tomatoes in the Vesuvian region. It spread rapidly in 

 moist, hot weather. 



Burrill, T. J. Preliminary notes upon the 

 rotting of potatoes. Proc. nth Ann. Meeting 

 Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci., 1890, pp. 21-22. 



Halsted, Byron D. Bacteria, nth Ann. 

 Rep. New Jersey State Agric. Expt. Sta., and 

 3d Ann. Rep. New Jersey Agric. College Expt. 

 Sta. for 1890, Trenton, N. J., 1891, p. 347. 



Halsted, Byron D. The southern tomato 

 blight. Miss. Agric. and Mechan. College 

 Expt. Sta. Bull. No. 19, Jan. 1892, 12 pp. 

 Reprinted in 12th Ann. Rep. New Jersey State 

 Agric. Expt. Sta. and 4th Ann Rep. of New 

 Jersey Agric. College Expt. Sta. for 1891, 

 Trenton, 1892, pp. 267-273. 



Halsted, Byron D. Southern tomato blight 

 at the North. Garden and Forest, vol. v, 

 Aug. 10, 1892, p. 379. 



Bailey, L. H. and Corbett, L. C. The south- 

 ern or field blight, in "Tomato Notes for 1 892 . " 

 Bull, xlv, Cornell Univ. Expt. Sta., Oct. 

 1892, pp. 293-295, 1 fig. (of a diseased plant). 



Burrill, T. J. An additional note on the rot 

 of potatoes. Proc. Soc. Prom. Agric. Sci., 

 vol. for 1891-92, Columbus, 1893, p. 29. 



Paper read at Washington in August. 1891. 



Tryon, Henry. A new potato disease. Ann, 

 Rep. Queensland Uept. Agric. for 1893-94. 

 Brisbane, 1894, Govt. Printer, pp. 2 to 4. 



This and the following possibly belong here. 



i894(?). Tryon, Henry. Virulent potato disease. 

 Suggestions for stamping out the disease. 

 Brisbane, 1 page. 

 Not seen. Review by Schimper in Zetts f 1'il.mzcnkr., Bd. V, 

 1895. P- !34- 



1890. 



189 



1892. 



1892. 



1892. 



1893- 



1894. 



1895. Tryon, Henry. Ann. Rep. Queensland Dept. 

 Agric. for 1894-95. Brisbane, 1895. 



Part of a paragraph buried on page 14 in "Gumming of Cane." 

 The name Bacillus vascularum solani occurs here. 



1895. Helms, Rich. Report on an investigation into 

 the potato diseases prevalent in the Clarence 

 Riverdistrict. Agric. Gaz. of NewSouthWales, 

 vol. vi, pt. 5, May 1895, pp. 316-329, 2 col. pi. 



1895. Halsted, Byron D. Bacteriosis of tomato. 

 15th Ann. Rep. New Jersey State Agric. Expt. 

 Sta. and 7th Ann. Rep. New Jersey Agric. 

 College Expt. Sta. for 1894, Trenton, N. J., 

 1895, part 11, p. 361 (two lines). 



1895. Smith, Erwin F. The southern tomato blight. 



Abstract in Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. Sci., vol. 

 xliv for 1895, Salem, 1896, p. 191. Also a 

 separate. A brief notice appeared in Bot. 

 Gaz., Sept. 1895, p. 409. 



1 896. Smith, Erwin F. A bacterial disease of the 



tomato, egg-plant, and Irish potato (Bacillus 

 solanacearum n. sp.). Bull. 12, Div. Veg. 

 Phys. and Path., U. S. Dept. of Agric, 8vo, 

 28 pp., 2 pi., 1 colored. Issued Dec. 19, 1896. 



1897. Sr.LBY, A. D. Investigations of plant diseases 



in forcing-house and garden. V. Tomato 

 diseases. 7. Bacterial tomato blight. Hull. 

 73, Ohio Agric. Expt. Sta., Wooster, Ohio, 

 Dec. 1896, pp. 242 and 245. Printed at 

 Norwalk, Ohio, 1897. 



1897. Smith, Erwin F. On the nature of certain 



pigments produced by Bacillus solanacearum. 

 Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. Sci., vol. xlvi, for 1897, 

 Salem, 1898, p. 288. Bot. Gazette, vol. xxiv, 



1897, p. 192. 



A brief note. Substance believed to be a humus-compound. 



1898. Rolfs, P. H. Bacterial tomato blight (Bacillus 



solanacearum S.). Report of the Biologist and 

 Horticulturist, Expt. Sta. of Fla. Agric. Col., 

 p. 6. No date, but published after June 1898. 



1898. Rolfs, P. H. Diseases of the tomato. Bull. 

 47, Fla. Agric. Expt. Sta., Sept. 1898, pp. 

 128-13-'. 



1898. Rolfs, P. H. Bacterial tomato blight (Bacillus 

 solanacearum Smith) in "Injurious insects and 

 diseases uf the year." Reprint from Proc. 

 111I1 Ann. Meeting Florida State Hor. Soc., 



1898, pp. 90-93- 



