TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi. 



ZOOLOGY Continued. 



Evolution Tage 283 



Parthenogenesis 283 



Vertebrates (by Professor Theodore Gill) 284 



The Limits of the Branch of Vertebrates and its Classes 284 



Origin and Relations of the Vertebrates 288 



Fishes of the United States 289 



The Northernmost Fish 290 



Ceratodontids 290 



The Catfishes 291 



Suckers 291 



The Sunfishes and Black Bass 292 



The Etheostomids 292 



A New North American Family of Fishes 293 



Gigantic Tortoises 293 



Birds 296 



Avifauna of Madagascar 296 



The Wild Camel 297 



Deer's Antlers 297 



The Placenta of Prosimians 298 



Invertebrates 300 



Protozoans, Sponges, and Worms 300 



Echinoderms 304 



Mollusks 305 



Crustaceans 306 



Insects 308 



BOTANY. By Professor W. G. Farlow, Boylston Hall, Harvard College, 



Cambridge, Mass 325 



General 325 



Phaenogams 325 



Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology 326 



Ferns and Mosses 328 



Fungi 329 



Lichens 330 



Algae 331 



Bacteria 332 



In General 332 



Progress in America 333 



Descriptive 333 



Physiological 335 



In General 336 



Miscellaneous Notes 337 



Classification of Palms 337 



Boots of the Banian Tree 337 



