74 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



pressure agrees with the belt of highest temperature. The 

 diurnal barometric period is well marked, and is, he thinks, 

 evidently of telluric, not local origin. The trade-winds are, 

 he thinks, evidently not the cause of the equatorial ocean 

 currents, because the latter increase as the former diminish 

 near the equator. The region of heaviest and most frequent 

 rain is permanently about 5 north of the equator. 



Two papers have been published in the Austrian meteor- 

 ological journal by Guldberg and Mohn, in which the au- 

 thors have rehearsed some of the views presented by them 

 a year ago in their "Etudes." They deduce the angle of 

 deviation of the winds from the line of steepest gradient as 

 dependent on the geographical latitude and the coefficient 

 of friction, and give in tabular form its value for different 

 values of these fundamental quantities. Their method of de- 

 termining the coefficient of friction and other resistances for 

 each station is worthy of general application ; in the cases 

 computed by them for stations in England a very considera- 

 ble difference is found for southwest and northeast winds. 

 The observed wind velocities on sea agree closely with the 

 theoretical, but those on land fall far below. The velocity 

 at an altitude of 100 meters is but one per cent, greater than 

 that at the surface of the ground, and for the determination 

 of the coefficient of friction it is best to use only the relative 

 directions of the wind and isobars. 



Dr. Carl Benomi, in "Der Einfluss der Axendrehung der 

 Erde" (Petevmann, Mittheil., 1877), gives a short reference to 

 the history of this problem, and then takes a backward step in 

 maintaining that east and west winds are not influenced by 

 the earth's rotation. His essay is mostly confined to a con- 

 sideration of the winds of aspiration and propulsion as de- 

 fined by Miihry. Benoni commits the singular mistake of 

 attributing to Dove that law which was known to Laplace, 

 but was enunciated by Poisson,1837; Foucault,1851 ; Benet, 

 1851 ; Babinet, 1854; Ferrel, 1854 and 1859 ; and by numer- 

 ous authors since then, according to all whom, in our north- 

 ern hemisphere, a body moving in any direction whatever de- 

 flects or tends to deflect to the right. This law is based on 

 the principle of the conservation of areas, and differs essential- 

 ly from the principle first enunciated by Had ley, and adopted 

 by Taylor, Herschel, Dove, Colding, Maury, Peslin, Benomi, 





