PHYSICS OF THE GLOBE. 87 



never as yet been published in full, but an interesting colla- 

 tion of such as have been made accessible to meteorologists 

 has been compiled by Hann. The observations extend from 

 1868 to 1874, and are made eight times daily (at 0, 3, 6, 

 9 o'clock, etc.). 



The diurnal and annual periods of the meteorological data 

 for Cracow, as deduced from observations during 1867 to 

 1873, have been published by Dr. Karlinski. 



The climate of Kerguelen Island, on the 49th parallel 

 of southern latitude, lias been approximately deduced by 

 Hann from the collected results of observations made there 

 by Ross in 1840, Cook in 1776, and the German Transit of 

 Venus Expedition, 1874-75. On comparison with other 

 points in the southern hemisphere, he finds this island to 

 have an abnormally low mean annual temperature. 



The climate of Switzerland is well presented by Billwil- 

 ler in the means from twelve years of observations at the 

 normal stations in that country. 



The nations that have published their climatological data 

 in accord, or nearly so, with the form recommended by the 

 Vienna Congress, are as follows: Italy, 24 stations; Neth- 

 erlands, 4 stations; Great Britain, 9 stations. 



Wild has published, as a supplementary volume to hisTfe- 

 pertorixim, the first two sections of a great work on the dis- 

 tribution of temperature in the Russian Empire. These sec- 

 tions deal with the diurnal periodicity and the reduction of 

 isolated observations to daily means. The subject is han- 

 dled with great clearness and discretion, and will be a model 

 for many future investigators. 



HYPSOMETRY. 



A year ago there was published a memoir by Grassi, of 

 Milan, on " Barometric Hypsometry," in which he drew 

 attention to the formula of Saint-Robert, published in the 

 Philosophical Magazine for 1864, and in tabular form in the 

 Memoirs of the Academy of Turin, Vol. XXV. This formula 

 is based directly upon Glaisher's balloon observations, and, 

 according to Grassi, gives most excellent results; but in a 

 very interesting paper by Hartl it has been recently shown 

 that the Saint-Robert formula gives altitudes decidedly too 

 small throughout the year, at least for Mount St. Bernard, 



