CHEMISTKY. 141 



mixture of a hydrocarbon and a chloride be treated in this 

 way, as, for example, a solution of amyl chloride in benzene, 

 hydrogen chloride gas is evolved, and the liquid separates into 

 two layers, the upper containing the resulting hydrocarbon 

 in this case amyl-benzene, dissolved in the excess of benzene 

 and the lower the unaltered aluminum chloride. Ethyl- 

 benzene, methyl-benzene (toluene), dimethyl-benzene (xy- 

 lene), trimethyl -benzene (mesitylene), tetramethyl-benzene 

 (durene), diphenyl- methane, triphenyl- methane, and even 

 tetraphenyl- methane have been made in this way, as well 

 as benzophenone, acetophenone, phthalophenone, anthraqui- 

 none, and other acetones. The chlorides of zinc and of iron 

 (ferric chloride) have a similar but less energetic action. 



Latschinoff has proposed to establish a new series of ho- 

 mologous bodies, the successive terms of which shall differ 

 from the preceding ones by C 5 H 8 , instead of CH 2 , as in or- 

 dinary homologues. Camphor and the terpenes belong to 

 such a series, and hence the author proposes to denominate 

 the series a ter-homologous or a campho homologous series. 



Pierre has communicated to the French Academy his ex- 

 periments to test the question of the existence of sugar in the 

 leaves of the sugar-beet, where it is undoubtedly elaborated. 

 The difficulty of extracting the sugar as such led him to adopt 

 the much simpler method of fermenting the entire juice, dis- 

 tilling off the alcohol, and calculating from this the amount 

 of sugar present. From 158 kilograms of leaves, coarsely 

 chopped, thirty to thirty-five liters of juice were expressed, 

 which, after fermentation for five or six days, yielded on 

 distillation 275 cubic centimeters of alcohol of 68 per cent., 

 corresponding to 198 cubic centimeters of absolute alcohol. 

 Hence the leaves from one hectare of ground would yield 173 

 liters of absolute alcohol. This corresponds to 350 kilograms 

 of sugar per hectare. 



Prunier has continued his researches upon qnercite, and 

 has obtained other products than benzene in reacting upon 

 it by excess of hydriodic acid. Among these are hexyl hy- 

 dride, quinone and hydroquinone, and phenol. The author 

 hence regards this sugar as intermediate between the fatty 

 and the aromatic series. 



Beute has identified the sugar obtained by boiling carra- 

 geen moss with very dilute sulphuric acid for a long time 



