GEOGRAPHY. 193 



GUYANA. 



The valuable results obtained from recent explorations of 

 the remoter regions of English and Dutch Guyana have in- 

 cited the French authorities to despatch an exploring expedi- 

 tion, under direction of Dr. Creavaux, to ascend the Maroni 

 River, returning by way of the Oyapoc or the Amazon. 



BRAZIL. 



The Department of Topography of the Brazilian Govern- 

 ment has lately issued a map of the Madeira and Purus riv- 

 ers, which throws some light upon one of the most obscure 

 portions of South American hydrography, the river system 

 of the province of Beni. 



A recent work on Brazil, by Mr. Oscar Canstall, contains 

 a popular description of the country, its geography, flora, 

 fauna, political and commercial relations, etc. 



BOLIVIA. 



The late Professor James Orton, who died on Lake Titi- 

 caca, September 25, 1877, while on his return home, has been 

 exploring the head-waters of the Madeira and Beni. From 

 La Paz he had travelled, by way of Cochabamba, to the head 

 of navigation on the river Chimore, which he descended by 

 canoe to Trinidad. 



This is the first expedition down this river, Lieutenant 

 Gibbon, U.S.N., having explored the Chapore and D'Orbigny 

 the Secure. 



Professor Orton has contributed greatly to our knowledge 

 of the head-waters of the Amazon, this being his third expe- 

 dition to that region, the first one being made in 1867, cross- 

 ing the Andes eastward from Peru, and descending the Napo 

 to the Maraiion. 



His second expedition in 1873 was the reverse of the for- 

 mer one, beginning with the ascent of the Amazon. 



The great work of Dr. Reiss on the "Andes Lands of South 

 America," prepared in conjunction with Dr. Sttibel, will soon 

 be ready. 



In the proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society for 

 Nov. 26, 1877, is an important paper on Bolivia, by Com- 

 mander Musters, R.N., who has lived there for many years. 



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