200 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



the Chinese town Gu-chen, latitude 43 50' N., longitude 90 

 14' E., with maps of the towns, astronomical determinations 

 of the positions of seven points, magnetic observations, baro- 

 metric measurement of heights, a complete geographical ex- 

 ploration along the route, a collection of about one thousand 

 species of plants and a large zoological collection. 



The first volume of Baron von Richthofen's extensive work 

 on China has been published. This volume of 760 pages 

 treats principally of the geography of Central Asia and 

 China proper, entering thoroughly into the formation of 

 the surface, and other features of physical geography. The 

 work, when completed, will be accompanied by an atlas 

 of forty-four maps, constructed by the author, chiefly from 

 Chinese sources. 



Mr. James Morrison has commenced the publication in the 

 Geographical Magazine of a large amount of geographical 

 information regarding the almost unknown island of For- 



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mosa the results of journeys there during the past year. 



AFRICA. 



The most important as well as the most interesting event 

 relating to African geography during the past year has been 

 the exploration of the Lualaba River by Mr. II. M. Stanley, 

 and his demonstration of its identity with the Congo. 



It is too soon to give any exact account of his discoveries, 

 but his journey may be summarized in a few words, as fol- 

 lows : At the close of last year's JRecord, Stanley, with his 

 party, was at Nyangwe, lying about four hundred miles 

 west of Lake Tanganyika, and hitherto the western limit of 

 exploration. Leaving there November 5, 1870 (after an ex- 

 ploration of Lake Tanganyika, with its creeks and inlets, oc- 

 cupying fifty-one days), they started to the westward ; but, 

 unable to make headway through the thick forests, crossed 

 the Lualaba and continued their journey along the left bank. 

 The tribes of savage cannibals offered a most determined 

 opposition to their passage, both by land and water; and in 

 the midst of their desperate struggle with the negroes, after 

 having taken to their canoes to drift down the river, they 

 came to a* series of five cataracts, not far apart, south and 

 north of the equator. With great hardship and Buffering, 

 the boats were draped through the forest for thirteen 



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