ZOOLOGY. 



By Dr. A. S. PACKARD, Jr.,* 



DlEECTOE OF TJIE PeABODY AcADEAIY OF SCIENCE, SALEM, MASS. 



GENERAL ZOOLOGY. 



Zoological science has advanced during the past year, not 

 only in systematic and biological directions, but also in the 

 more difficult fields of histology, embryology, and physiol- 

 ogy- 



Treatises. 



Amons: general works are those of Pasjenstecher and Jii- 

 ger, and Huxley's " Manual of the Invertebrates." 



Explorations and Researches. 



Explorations have been carried on in North America by 

 Cope, Goode, Scudder, Packard, Boucard, Jordan, Verrill, 

 Streets, and others, and in South America by Professor Or- 

 ton ; while Professor Morse has made valuable observations 

 on the lower animals of Japan, and European explorers have 

 been as active in the Old World. 



The United States Fish Commission has made valuable 

 discoveries off the coasts of Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 

 besides prosecuting its work in our inland waters. 



In March, Congress passed an appropriation providing for 

 a commission of three skilled entomologists to report upon 

 the depredations of the Rocky Mountain locust, and the best 

 practicable method of preventing or guarding against their 

 recurrence. The commission was attached to Hayden's Unit- 

 ed States Geological Survey, and consisted of Messrs. C. V. 

 Riley, A. S. Packard, Jr., and Cyrus Thomas. Explorations 

 have been carried on between the ninety-fourth meridian and 

 the Pacific coast, and two bulletins of immediate practical 

 interest issued, while a report of the summer's work is near- 

 ly ready. 



* The chapter on the vertebrates has been furnished by Professor Theo- 

 dore Gill, of Washington, D. C. 



