ZOOLOGY. 279 



west. The present number contains an introductory note 

 on the marine faunal regions of the North Pacific, and an 

 article on the extrusion of the seminal products in limpets, 

 with remarks on the phylogeny of the Docoglossa by Mr. 

 Dall, while a report on the hydroid polypes, illustrated with 

 ten plates, is contributed by Mr. S. F. Clark. 



Professor J. B. Steere, of the University of Michigan, has 

 recently returned from an expedition to the Philippine Isl- 

 ands, brinofino; with him lara;e collections of animals. The 

 birds have been placed in the hands of Mr. R. B. Sharpe, of 

 London, and form one of the most important ornithological 

 collections yet made in that region, containing many novel- 

 ties. 



The last annual report of the German North Sea Commis- 

 sion contains an article by Dr. Kirchenpauer on the Polyzoa 

 of the Baltic Sea, one by Dr. Kupffer on the Tunicata^nd 

 one by Dr. Moebius on the minute Crustacea. 



Relation of Animals to their Surroundings. 



Mr. A. R. Wallace, in his recent address before the Section 

 of Biology of the British Association, draws attention to the 

 connection observed between color and locality. His first 

 example is from tropical Africa, where we find two unrelated 

 groups of butterflies, belonging to two very distinct families 

 {jSFymphalidai and Papilionidce), characterized by a prevailing 

 blue-green color not found in any other continent. Again, 

 we have a group of African Pieridce which are white or pale 

 yellow, with a marginal row of bead-like black spots, and in 

 the same country one of the Lyccmidce {Liptena erastus) is 

 colored so exactly like these that it was at first described as 

 a species of Pier is. The resemblance did not seem due to 

 protective mimicry. In South America we haye far more 

 striking cases; for in the three sub -families Danaince, 

 Acrmnice, and Heliconiince all of which are specially pro- 

 tected we find identical tints and patterns reproduced, of- 

 ten in the greatest detail, each peculiar type of coloration 

 being characteristic of distinct geographical subdivisions of 

 the continent. 



But it is in islands that some of the most striking exam- 



cj 



pies of the influence of locality on color occur, and this gen- 

 erally in the direction of paler but sometimes of darker and 



