282 ANNUAL 11EC0RD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



says that of a number of insects of all orders which were de- 

 prived of their antenna?, the honey-bee (worker) was more 

 affected than any of the others operated upon. The remov- 

 al of the antennae in this insect seemed to show that the 

 sense of hearing may reside in the antenna), while that of 

 smell has its seat in the palpi (and perhaps the tongue) 

 alone. It would also seem as if the antennal nerves were 

 so continuous with the brain (supraoesophageal ganglia) that 

 they form, as it were, a part of it, their removal at a little 

 distance from their origin producing such a shock to the 

 ganglionic nervous system that the insect acts somewhat 

 like a bird when deprived of the central hemispheres. In 

 an ichneumon the sense of taste appears to be situated in 

 the ends of the palpi. In the butterflies the sense of taste, 

 as well as touch, is situated in the spiral tongue or maxilla?. 

 Spiders on losing their maxillary palpi seemed to be aifected 

 much as insects on the loss of their antenna?. 



While many of the higher insects, as grasshoppers, katy- 

 dids, crickets, cicadas, and even moths produce a creaking or 

 stridulating noise by rubbing one part of the body on an- 

 other, it has hitherto been unsuspected that scorpions have 

 the same faculty. Mr. J. Mason Wood, however, has recent- 

 ly announced the discovery of stridulating organs in the 

 scorpion. After noticing this, while dissecting a specimen, 

 lie was able to confirm it by experiments on living examples. 

 By placing two large scorpions face to face on a light metal 

 table and exciting them, they began to beat the air with 

 their palps and simultaneously to emit sounds which were 

 most distinctly audible not only to himself, but also to the 

 bystanders, above the clatter made by the animals in their 

 efforts to get free, and which resembled the noise produced 

 by continuously scraping a piece of silk-woven fabric; or, 

 better still, a stiff toothbrush with one's finger-nails. The 

 apparatus which, as in the Mygale, a large spider, is devel- 

 oped on each side of the body, consists of a scraper situated 

 upon the flat outer face of the basal joint of the palp-fingers, 

 and of a rasp on the equally flat and produced inner face of 

 the corresponding joint of the first pair of legs. On sepa- 

 rating these appendages from one another, a slightly raised 

 and well-defined laro;e oval area of lighter coloration than 

 the surrounding chitine was to be seen at the very base of 



