332 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



velopmcnt of Acetabularia Mediterranean which was only 



partially known, lias been completed by Professors De Bary 

 and Strasburger. The bodies which were called spores are 

 shown to produce zoospores, and a peculiar basal process of 

 the thallus is described. Reioke, in Prinsjsheira's Jahrbuch. 

 lias described the growth of the thallus in certain Pfiwosporce, 

 and has also studied the development in Zanardinia collaris, 

 where, as he says, the mass which is to form the spore comes 

 to rest before being fertilized. A somewhat acrimonious 

 discussion has appeared in the columns of the JBotanische 

 Zeitwig between Keinke and Rostafinsky with reference to 

 the credit to be assigned to their different papers on the 

 terminal growth of Fuci, reported in last year's Record. 



Bacteria. 



The literature of Bacteria and related forms has not been 

 quite so voluminous as last year. A substantial paper, by 

 Warming, has appeared in the Copenhagen Proceedings, in 

 which there are described and figured several of the Danish 

 monads, Bacteria, Beggiatoce, etc. The investigations of 

 Tyndall with regard to the sterilization of liquids have been 

 important. Sterilization, or the reduction to a state of inac- 

 tivity or torpidity of the germs of -minute vegetable organ- 

 isms, is, according to Tyndall, better accomplished by repeat- 

 edly raising the fluid to the boiling-point, and allowing it to 

 remain there but an instant, than by prolonged boiling. 



In General. 



The changes which have taken place in the botanical chairs 

 have been more numerous than usual the present year. The 

 deaths of Alexander Braun, ITofmeister, De Notaris, and Par- 

 latore left vacancies in the chairs of Berlin, Tubingen, Rome, 

 and Florence. The chair of Berlin has been filled by Eich- 

 ler, of Kiel. At Tubingen, Professor Schwendener, of Basle, 

 replaces Hofmeister; and Pfeffer, of Bonn, is transferred to 

 Basle. At Florence it is reported that Beccari is to have 

 the chair filled by Parlatore. Professor J. E. Areschoug, of 

 Upsala, having resigned, his place has been filled by Professor 

 T. M. Fries. The chair of Aberdeen havinsj become vacant 

 by the resignation of Professor Dickie, Mr. J. W. IT. Trail 

 has been appointed in his place. Millardet, formerly of 



