REACTIONS WITH VARIOUS REAGENTS. 



173 



Wheat. Continued. 



(3) Choral ;uul (glycerine .solu(ion behaves similarly 

 to No. 1, but till' Krain is not coloreii aud the lacunar or 

 fissures are more pronounced. 



(4) Calcium nitrate produces in 15 minutes a strong 

 corrosion of some of the grains, and those not acted upon 

 by the reagent in Ibis manner swell in 1 hour very 

 ])erccptibly, then show a trichetcn-like* dcvelo])ment, 

 and in 5 hours swell enormously, and finally burst. 



*IU-ferring to the trichites of Meyer (p. 77). 



(5) Chi'omic acid produces a similar eflfect upon the 

 grains, but appears to be more ijronounced in its action. 



(6) Saliva causes in some grains the develoj)ment of 

 prominent radiations and lamellae, in others a tricheten- 

 like structure is developed; in 5 hours the grains give 

 inihcations of corrosion, which in the course of 17 to 24 

 hours is verj' jironounced. 



(7). Taka-diastase, on the other hand, acts very slowly 

 in comparison. In .'5 hours there is little or no effect 

 observable, the trichetcn-like structure developing after 

 this length of time and corrosion finally taldng place. 



(S) Silver nitrate has but little action upon the grains 

 at first; in 5 hours the tricheten-likc development ap- 

 pears, and later the grains swell and disintegrate. 



(9) Sulphuric acid acts almost immediately, causes 

 the grains to become nearly transparent and irregular 

 in outline, and a rapid solution takes place. 



(10) Sodium acetate causes some of the grains, in 

 the course of 5 hours, to swell and others to become very 

 much corroded. 



(11) Pofassium hydroxide very soon produces a swell- 

 ing and rupture of some of the grains and in others the 

 development of a prominent trichcten-like structure, 

 and finally in both a slow corrosion. 



(12) Potassium nitrate causes almost immediately a 

 swelhng and rupture of the grains, or a strong corrosion. 



(13) Potassium phosphate produces prominent fis- 

 sures with the subsequent development of rather numer- 

 ous tricheten-likc layers in some grains, in others there 

 is a sweUing and rupture of the grains, with finally a 

 gradual corrosive action on both. 



(14) Tannin produces a swelHng of the grains, to- 

 gether with the development of rather large irregular 

 lacuna;, and in 5 hours the grains become very much 

 swollen and of irregular shape, after which disintegration 

 and solution takes place. 



(15) Hydrochloric acid causes the appearance of 

 prominent tricheten in some of the grains in a few hours, 

 in others there is a tendency to swell, and both kinds 

 finally divide into two or more parts. 



(16) Water at a temperature between 50 and 70 C. 

 produces a marked effect upon the grains; those digested 

 at a temperature between 50 and 55 C. for several 

 hours, are swollen, and in many cases even ruptured; at 

 00 C. they show a prominent tricheten-like structure, 

 which is scarcely visible at 65 C. and after digestion at 

 70 for 1 hour the grains become very irregular and 

 swollen and are apparently not further affected by a 

 temperature between 70 and 95. 



Corn. Continued. 



(3) Chloral and glycerine solution causes lenticular, 

 somewhat irregular, or more or less star-shaped antl 

 prominent lacuna; or fissures, and in the course of 21 

 hours in some grains jirominent radiations arc developed, 

 whereas in others a marked swelling takes place. 



(4) Calcium nitrate makes the point of growth more 

 visible as with pre-vious reagents, then strong radiations 

 or a Irichcl en-like 8truct,ure develops in some grains, 

 whereas in other grains the fissures develop into large 

 radiating canals, which extend to the margin of the grain, 

 the swelling continuing so that in 5 hours only the 

 outline of the gi'ain is visible. 



(5) Chromic acid causes a prominent swelling of the 

 more or less star-shaped point of growth, wliich continues 

 to such an extent in some cases as to produce a rupture 

 of the grain at one of the angles; in other cases there are 

 numerous radiations, or a tricheten-like structure, devel- 

 oped around the swollen fissures, which finally disappear 

 as the grain swells and breaks down. 



(6) Saliva acts upon the grain very much like chromic 

 acid and calcium nitrate, only instead of a swelling of 

 the grain we have a rather slow corrosion in the course 

 of 48 hours, following the pronounced development of 

 fissures. 



(7) Taka-diastase behaves like saliva, only the cor- 

 rosive action is more rapid. 



(8) Silver nitrate causes the formation of ijrominent 

 and angular fissures, which become more or less circular 

 in outline, aud near the periphery prominent radiations 

 may develop. 



(9) Sulphuric acid produces in some of the grains 

 marked development of an angular fissure wliich becomes 

 circular to radiating in outline, whereas in others a 

 corrosive action appears to begin at the periphery of the 

 grain, followed by gradual solution of the entire grain. 



(10) Sodium acetate behaves very much like calcium 

 nitrate. 



(11) Potassium hydro.xide acts similarly on the grain 

 to calcium nitrate and sodium acetate. 



(12) Potassium nitrat<; differs very markedly in its 

 action on corn from that on wheat, in that there is a 

 strong development of radiating fissures which extend 

 in many cases to the periphery, whereas in wheat there 

 is a more pronounced swelling of the grains and an 

 irregular corrosive action. 



(13) Potassium phosphate causes the development 

 of a prominent lenticular or star-shaped fissure, which 

 increases in size and in 17 to 24 hours there is a complete 

 breaking down of the grain. 



(14) Tannin causes also the immediate production 

 of prominent fissures which in 5 hours develop into largo 

 canals, or circular portions, and there is finally a sep- 

 aration of the grain into several parts. 



(15) Hydrochloric acid causes in some cases the 

 development of large star-shaped or lenticular fissures, 

 and in other cases in the course of but 20 minutes there 

 is a marked swelling of the grain at one point, which 

 continues until disintegration takes place. 



(16) Water between the temperature of 50 and 70 C. 

 causes certain chai'acteristic features to be developed; 

 the grains when heated for 90 minutes at 50 C. develop 

 in most cases a rather pronounced circular fissure; on 

 other grains there may be a swelling or lenticular or star- 

 shaped fissure; at 55 to 60 C. the swelhng of the grain is 

 more pronounced, and at 65 C. the remainder of the 

 grains show a marked one-layered tricheten-like structure ; 

 at 70 C. the markings have disappeared and the grains 

 have become swollen to angular and irregular masses. 



