206 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Secale cereale Linn. (Graminacece.) Dry seed. Grains circular, oval or somewhat irregular; from 

 three-fourths to as broad as long; one-half to one-third as thick as broad; rarely with single 

 lamclliB, or with distinct hilum; elliptical or oval in the narrow aspect. Size iS/x. Some 

 grains with reticulated outer surfaces. 



Elymus engelmanni Hort. (Graminacea:.) Dry seed. Grains circular, rounded-oval or kidney- 

 shaped; three-fourths to as broad as long; the larger ones three-fifths to three-fourths, those 

 of medium-size two-fifths to one-half as thick as long; without lamellae; sometimes with a 

 small oblong central cavity. Size 2Qn. 



Elymus hystrix Linn.; AspreUa hystrix Willd. (GraminacecB.) Dry seed. Grains rounded, homo- 

 geneous and solid; compressed. Size 22ii. The outer surface frequently shows reticulate or 

 nodule-like markings. 



Hordeum vulgare Linn. {Graminacea;.) Dry seed. Grains circular or oval; three-fourths to as broad 

 as long; one-half to three-fifths as thick as broad; homogeneous and solid. Size 3.5/i. 



Hordeum bidbosum Linn. {Graminacece. ) Dry seed. Grains circular, rounded-oval, triangular to 

 quadrangular; one-half to three-fifths as thick as broad; without lamellae; rarely with dis- 

 tinct, small hilum. Size 20 to 23/i. 



Hordeum himalayense Ritter; Critho wgiceras E. Meyer. {Graminacece.) Dry seed, endosperm. Grains 

 rounded, rarely kidney-shaped or oval, frequently irregular; compressed; no lamellae; some- 

 times with a small, rarely a large, central cavity. Size 26 to 33yu. 



^gilops caudata Linn. {Graminacea;.) Dry seed. Grains circular, rarely oval, lenticular-shaped; 

 compressed; homogeneous and solid. Size 30/u. 



JEgilops triuncialis Linn. {Graminacea;.) Dry seed. Grains as in the preceding, sometimes with 

 small central cavity, and with a single lamella. Size 28yu. 



Braconnolia elymoides Goodr. {Graminacea.) Dry seed. Grains rounded or oval; compressed to a 

 little more than one-half the width or over; homogeneous and solid. Size 28^. 



Lileae subulata Humb., Bonp. {Naiadacem.) Dry embryo. Grains rounded-oval, or oval, and almost 

 terete; two-thirds to almost as broad as long; oval or elliptical when seen in the narrow 

 aspect, and with a distinct longitudinal slit. Length 13^, width 11/i, and thickness 7 and S/i. 

 The grain approaches the centric-oval type (type 3). Much protoplasm and some oil may 

 be found with the starch. 



Triglochin barrelieri Lois. {Naiadacem.) Dry embryo. Grains usually oval, the wider ones compressed ; 

 homogeneous. Size about Q/x. The grains approach the centric-oval type (type 3). Little 

 starch, much oil. 



Scheuchzeria palustris. {Naiadacece.) Dry embryo. Grains circular or oval, sometimes irregular; 

 compressed to about one-half to one-third their width; homogeneous. Grains 9;u. Starch, 

 oil, and protoplasm. 



Alisma ranuncidoides Linn. {Alis7naceoe.) Dry embryo. Grains rounded-oval, or oval three-fifths to 

 almost as broad as long; two-fifths to three-fifths as thick as long; without lamellip; sometimes 

 with a distinct hilum; when seen from the narrow side, slightly contracted in the middle, rarely 

 with a lengthwise slit. Size 20ju. The grains approach type 3. Some oil with the starch. 



Sagittaria ,sagitta;folia Linn. {Alismacea; .) Dry embryo. Grains rounded, or triangular with rounded 

 angles, or oval, and oval pear-shaped, the wider ones compressed at about one-half their 

 width; many with a longitudinal slit in the narrow aspect. Size 25yu. Among them some 

 doublets. Little oil with the starch. 



Actinocarpus damasonium Smith. {Alismacece.) Dry embryo. Grains rounded or oval, occasionally 

 kidney-shaped; two-thirds to almost as broad as long; the wider ones compressed at two- 

 thirds or over ; rarely with few lamella? and wth distinct hilum ; a few very delicate fissures 

 are sometimes visible in the broad aspect, and an indistinct slit can frequently be seen in 

 the narrow aspect. Length 20 to 24,u, and width 16yu. The grains closely approach type 3. 



Luzula and Juncus. {Juncacece.) Seed. Dry and ripe seeds only were examined. Their starch- 

 grains are undoubtedly simple, they can be seen within the cell equally distributed through- 

 out the lumen, and there are no indications of compound ones. The grains are compressed 

 and occasionally a central cavity can be distinguished. Therefore they most likely belong to 

 the centric-lenticular type. The surface is more or less polyhedral, and frequently very irregu- 

 lar. This is no doubt due to the shrinking which the substance, being very soft in a fresh 

 state, undergoes in drying, and also to the flattening caused by the crowding of the grains. 



