212 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Vigiia glabi-a Savi. (Lcgumivosa\) Dry cotyledotis. Grains rounded to elliptical, sometimes almost 

 reniform; half to as broad as long; the broad ones slightly compressed; nxmierous fine lamel- 

 la^; longitudinal slit moderately fine on the broad aspect and with radial fissures; slit mostly 

 without fissures and more marked on the narrow side. Length about 40 to 48aj. 



Dolichos monachalis Brot. (Leguminosm.) Dry cotyledons. Grains oval, almost reniform, or rounded- 

 triangular; half to almost as broad as long; the wide ones slightly compressed; no lamellae; 

 with longitudinal slit, and frequently with radial fissures. Length about 27^, width about 

 20ju. Doublets are occasionally found. 



Lablab vidgaris Savi. (Legwninosw.) Dry cotyledons. Grains rounded or oblong, often reniform; 

 half to as broad as long; the wider ones compressed to about one-half; no lamella; a longi- 

 tudinal and sometimes a transverse slit, besides numerous fissures running irregularly when 

 seen on the broad aspect; in the narrow aspect the fissures usually radiate from the two ends 

 of the longitudinal slit. Length 25 to 29//. 



Drepanocarpus lunatns Meyer. {Legujninosw.) Dry cotyledons. Grains rounded to oval; often tri- 

 angular and somewhat reniform or irregular; tlirce-fifths to as broad as long; the broad ones 

 slightly compressed; without lamellie; occasionally numerous irregular fissures, more often a 

 longitudinal slit from which few or many fissures radiate. Length about 45/^. 



Type 4. Grains Simple, Centric, Spindle-shaped. 



Grains linear or lanceolate, either narrowed toward the ends (spindle-shaped) or with ends of 

 equal width, or even somewhat broadened and blimt (rod-shaped) ; almost circular in cross-section. 

 Hilum and lamella! invisible. This type occurs only in the latex of native Euphorbiacece, and prob- 

 ably is but a transition to type 5. 



Euphorbia lathyris Linn. (Euphorbiacece.) Fresh latex from the stem.. Grains spindle-shaped or 

 rod-shaped, often somewhat irregular; circular in cross-section; 4 to 8 times as long as wide; 

 frequently broadened at the ends, as if swollen; no lamellee; with a long depression in the 

 linear axis, and with numerous fine, short, transverse fissures. Length 55m, width lOyu. The 

 fissures are visible if the starch-grain be examined in the unchanged latex or in water. 



Euphorbia palustris Linn. (Euphorbiacece.) Fresh latex from the stem. Grains rod-shaped, or cylin- 

 drical spindle-shaped, thickened toward the middle; the ends are frequently rounded into 

 small heads. Length 17 to 35/!, width 3 to Gju. 



Euphorbia virgata W.K. (Euphorbiacea;.) Fresh latex. Grains as in the preceding, but not much 

 thickened toward the middle. Length 32ju, width 5yu. 



Euphorbia dulcis Linn. (Euphorbiacece.) Fresh latex from the stem. Grains rod-shaped, ends rounded, 

 6 to 10 times as long as wide. Length about 17 to 28;u, width 2.05 to 3.05/^. 



Euphorbia procera Biebrst. (Euphorbiacece.) Grains as in the preceding. Length 32yu, width 4^. 



Euphorbia epithymoides Linn.; Euphorbia fragifera Jan. Grains as in the above, 7 to 12 times as 

 long as thick. Length about 42yu, thickness 3 to 5^. 



Euphorbia cyparissias Linn. (Euphorbiacece.) Fresh latex from the stems. Grains rod-shai^ed, or 

 cylindrical spindle-shaped, ends round or blunt, usually broadened, rarely narrowed; 6 to 10 

 times longer than thick. 



Euphorbia nicceensis AIL; Euphorbia glareosa Biebrst. (Euphorbiacece.) Fresh latex from the stem. 

 Grains rod-shaped or cylindrical spindle-shaped; usually with blunt, equally broad, capitate 

 ends, so that the whole grain appears almost bone-shaped; slightly terete or compressed 

 at the widened portion. Length 28fi, width at some places 11^. 



Type 5. Grains Simple, Centric, Bone-Shaped. 



Grains elongated, compressed; linear spindle-shaped in the narrow aspect; at first spindle- 

 shaped in the broad aspect, afterwards moderately broad toward the middle, and with very much 

 broadened spatulate, sometimes lobate, split ends. Hilum invisible; lamella; usually indistinct. 

 This type is found only in the latex of arborescent Euphorbiacece. The middle part may be almost 

 wanting in the short grains; and the \vidth of the ends may even exceed the entire length of the 

 grain. In the longer grains lateral lobes along the plane of the widest growth may also appear. 

 The two ends sometimes develop unequally. 



