216 DIPFERENTIATrON AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Symphytum tuberosum Linn. (Boraginacece.) Dry root-stocks. Grains similar to the preceding, 

 somewhat smaller and less well-developed, spherical to oval; 1.33 to 1.5 times as long as 

 broad; no lamella;; hilum end rarely distinctly broadened; a small cavity and occasionally 

 short, delicate, radial fissures; eccentricity about one-half. Length about 18;u, thickness 

 about 13;u. Also compound grains of few, usually equal components. (See type 14.) 



Nagelia zebrina Regel. ifihamnaceae.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. Grains usually conical, some- 

 times oval-cylindrical, usually twice as long as broad; circular in cross-section; the Ijroad 

 ones slightly compressed; thickened at the hilum end, distal end narrowcil, sometimes broad- 

 ened, obliquely cut-off, or square-shaped; lamella; and hilum distinct; eccentricity about 

 one-sixth. Length about 45ju, width about 33;u. Very often the grain is thickened from the 

 hilum end to about the middle, and from there on it narrows down to a cone, thus represent- 

 ing the appearance of a spindle with the two parts unequal; they approach the rod-form 

 (type 9). 



Gloxinia speciosa Lodd. (Gesneraceoe.) Fresh tubers. Grains oval, conical, or oblong, about three 

 times as long as broad; frequently with a lateral appendage (composed of a special external 

 system of lamellae); hilum and lamellaj usually distinct, but delicate; thickened at the hilum 

 end; sometimes the two ends are equally thick, the distal end rarely broader and compressed; 

 eccentricity about one-fourth. Length about 48ju, width 22/j. Some of the grains approach 

 the rod-form (type 9). 



Gloxinia hirsuta Lindl. {Gesneracece.) Fresh tubers. Grains similar to the preceding, oval or conical; 

 lamellae not always distinct; hilum usually at the broad end; frequently single, radial fissures. 

 Length about 42/n. Also some doublets and semi-compound grains with 2 to 3 components. 



Orobanche sp. {Scrophulariacece or Orobanchaceoe.) Dry root-stocks. Grains spherical to oval, and 

 truncated-conical; 1.5 times, rarely twice, as long as broad; lamellae indistinct; thickened at 

 the hilimi end, rarely broader and thinner at the distal end; a cavity, and marked more or 

 less numerous radial fissures; eccentricity about one-third. Length about 46//, width about 

 38ju. Also some compound grains of few usually equal-sized components. (See type 14.) 



Orobanche procera Koch. {Scrophulariacece or Orobanchaceoe.) Dry root-stocks. Grains rounded- 

 oval to conical and oblong; 1 to 2.5 times as broad as long; lamellae none or delicate; thick- 

 ened at the hilum end; distal end sometimes broadened with a knife-like edge; a small cavity, 

 and frequently very short radial fissures; eccentricity about one-fourth to one-fifth. Length 

 about 28m, width 20//. Some of the grains approach the wedge-shaped type (type 8) and 

 others the rod-shaped type (type 9). Some doublets and triplets are present. 



Lathrcea squarnaria Linn. {Scrophulariacece or Orobanchacece.) Dry scales of the root-stocks. Grains 

 oval, conical, elliptical, frequently somewhat irregular; almost circular in transverse section; 

 rarely compressed; as a rule, twice as long as broad; occasionally broader than long; lamellae 

 distinct, the innermost ones complete and rather unsystematically arranged, the outer ones 

 unilateral and crowded; usually thickened at the hilum end, distal end frequently drawn 

 into a conical point or broadened into a knife-like form; radial fissures, especially in the 

 direction of the "verdickungshalbmesser;" eccentricity one-fifth and one-eighth. Length 

 about 125/j. 



Cyclamen hederifolium Ait. {Pi-imulacece.) Dry bulbs. Grains triangular, oval, lanceolate, usually 

 conical, often irregular or slightly curved; one-fourth to as broad as long; the broader ones 

 compressed to about one-half, but the smaller not compressed; lamellae none, or indistinct; 

 thickened at the hilum end, distal end narrow, sometimes (h-a^\Ti into a point, sometimes 

 broadened and knife-like; often a cavity, from which short, delicate fissures rarely pass out; 

 eccentricity about one-tenth. Length about 36/i, width about 24/i. Triangular grains 

 frequently occur, with two sets of lamellae at right angles to one another, of which the outer 

 set forms the upper angle of the triangle and the inner one the base; the hilum and the greatest 

 thickness are found in one angle of the base. 



Dodecatheon meadia Linn. {Primulacece.) Dry roots. Grains triangular, oval, oblong, conical, 

 elliptical, or spindle-shaped with the two unequal parts; frequently more or less irregular; 

 2 to 4 times, rarely equally, as long as broad, in the latter case compressed to about one- 

 half; usually without lamellae and hilum. Length about 2G//. The grains probably belong 

 to this class, as their structure seems to resemble that of the cyclamens. Some doublets are 

 found among them. 



