TYPE 7. GRAINS SIMPLE, ECCENTRIC, CONE-SHAPED. 217 



Carum bulbocaslanum Kocli.; Hunium bulbocastamtm Liiin. {Lhnbellifera;.) Dry lubcrs. Grains 

 spherical-oviil or elliptical, frequently thicker at one end, very often reniform or triangular, 

 the majority more or less irregular, some with one or more mammary processes; no lamellse; 

 rarely with a cavity, and short, radial fissures at the thick end, instead of a hilum, frequently 

 \\nth a longitudinal slit; eccentricity about one-fourth. In one sample from Zweibriicken 

 the grains are about 26^ in length, and mostly one-half to two-thirds as thick; in one 

 sample from Zermatt the grains are smaller, about 18/i, and mostly two-fifths to two- 

 thirds as thick as long. Among them compound grains of few, usually unequal components. 

 (See type 15.) 



Adoxa 7noschatellina Liim. (Caprifoliacece.) Dry root-stocks. Grains spherical to oval, lamellje 

 rare and indistinct; occasionally a small cavity with several short, delicate radial fissures, 

 usually at the broad end; eccentricity about one-third. Length Zlfi. Among them some 

 compound gi-ains of 2 to 3 equal or unequal components. 



Umbilicus pendulinus DC. (Crassulacece.) Dry root-stocks. Grains rounded, oval, conical, 3 to 4 

 angles; usually irregular; three-fifths to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to 

 about three-fourths; lamellae incUstinct, only the innermost ones complete; thickened at the 

 hilum end; radial and sometimes also irregular fissm-es; eccentricity one-fourth to one-fifth. 

 Length about 50/x. The young grains are conical; the older ones are frequently distorted 

 and knife-like at the distal end. 



Cephalotus follicularis R. Br. (CephalotacecB.) Dry root-stocks. Grains roimded, and rounded-tri- 

 angular to oval, and oval-conical; no lamellse; at times a delicate longitudinal slit, occa- 

 sionally with a small cavity instead of the hilum ; tliicker at the hilum end; distal end narrowed, 

 sometimes spread out into a knife-hke edge; eccentricity about one-third to one-fifth. Length 

 about 18 to 21/Li. 



Cocculus palmatus DC; Menispernum palmatum Lam. {Menispermacece.) Dry roots. Grains oval, 

 oblong, conical; rarely 3 to 4 angles; rounded and sometimes lobate; usually irregular; half 

 to as broad as long; the broader ones slightly compressed; with 3 to 8 usually complete lam- 

 ellae; cavity instead of the hilum, usually with marked radial fissures at the broad end; 

 eccentricity one-half to one-fourth. Length 90^. According to Payen, they are sometimes 

 as large as 180/:. Among them doublets and triplets of equal or unequal sized components. 

 The gi-ains are usually stained yellow in the cavity and fissures. The coloring disa])pears 

 in water. 



Ranunculus garganicus Ten. {Ranunculacew.) Dry, thickened roots. Grains spherical to short- 

 ened-conical; two-thirds to as broad as long; in the spherical ones a small, usually central 

 cavity instead of the hiltim; in the other grains the cavity is about one-eighth eccentric. 

 Length about 14//, wdth about lO/i. Starch plentiful. 



Ranunculus bulbosus Limi. {Ranunculaceoe.) Dry tubers. Grains rounded, oval, conical, frequently 

 irregular; half to almost as broad as long; no lamellae; a small ca\-ity instead of the hilum at 

 the wide end; eccentricity about one-fourth. Length about 12/u. Some compound grains of 

 few, usually unequal components. (See type 15.) Starch plentiful, filling the cells. 



Anemone ranunculoides Liim. (Ranunculacece.) Dry root-stocks. Grains usually oblong or pear- 

 shaped; generally three-fifths to tlu-ee-fourths as broad as long; no lamellse; at the wide end 

 a small cavity from which a few delicate fissm-es sometimes radiate, or a longitudinal slit; 

 eccentricity about one-third to one-fourth. Length about 13/:. Among them compound 

 grains of few, equal or unequal components. (See type 15.) Starch plentiful, entirely filling 

 the cells. 



Aconitum anthora Linn. (Ranunculacew.) Dry napifrom roots. Grains mostly pear-shaped, rarely 

 oval, or rounded-reniform, or rounded-triangular, frequently somewhat irregular; no lam- 

 ellae; broadened at the hilum end, distal end in the triangular gi-ains is broadened and 

 squared; narrowed in the other forms; instead of the hilum, a small cavity from which several 

 fissures radiate; eccentricity about one-third to one-fifth. Length about 38/t. Compound 

 grains of few, equal or unequal parts. (See type 15.) 



Pceonia officinalis Retz. {Ranunculacecc.) Fresh root-stocks. GT&ms spherical to oblong and conical; 

 sometimes somewhat irregular, 1 to 2 times as long as broad; lamellse few (2 to 4), delicate, 

 rarely distinct; hilum also intlistinct, eccentricity two-ninths. Length about 28/t, width 

 about 19/:. Many compound grains of few, equal and unequal components. (See type 15.) 



