TYPE 7. GRAINS SIMPLE, ECCENTRIC, CONE-SHAPED. 219 



Geraninm sijlmtiam Linn. {Gcraniacece.) Dry root-stocks and roots. Grains as in the preceding; 

 most of them conical; many also triangular, about twice as broad as long; flattened at the 

 distal margin; hilum end always thickened. Length about 21^. Transition into wedge- 

 shaped tyjie (type 8). 



Oxalis acetosella Linn. [O.ralidacece.) Dry scales of the root-stocks. Grains rounded-triangular, oval, 

 conical, oblong, frequently more or less irregular; 0.33 to 1.5 times as broad as long; the 

 broader ones compressed to about half the width; hilum end usually thickened, sometimes 

 both hilum and distal ends of equal thickness; a small cavity with delicate radial fissures or a 

 longitudinal slit is present. Length about 22//. Transition into the wedge-shaped type (type 

 8), antl to the rod-shaped type (type 9). Some doublets and triplets. 



Orobus alius Linn. (Leguminosa.) Dry thickened roots. Grains oval or conical, usually L5 times, 

 rarely twice, as long as thick; at the thicker end instead of a hilum a small cavity is present, 

 sometimes with single radial fissures; eccentricity about one-seventh. Length about 16yu. 

 Among these are found compound grains, of few usually unequal components. (See type 15.) 



Apios tube)-osa Moench. {Lcguminosce.) Fresh tubers. Grains elliptical, oblong, usually somewhat 

 irregular; 1.33 to 2.5 times as long as thick, circular or slightly compressed in transverse 

 section; lamellae indistinct; hilum often visible, small, mostly at the thick end, one-third to 

 one-seventh eccentric. Length about 30/^. Among them are found compound grains of 

 2 to 4 components. 



Encephalartos spiralis Lehm. {Cycadacece.) Dry embryo. Grains rounded-oval or conical, 1 to about 

 1.5 times as long as thick; vnih. single lamellie; at the thicker end, instead of the hilum, a 

 small cavity is present, from which delicate, short fissures radiate; eccentricity about one- 

 third and one-fourth. Length 30 to 35ju, width 25 to 30ju. Among these are found compound 

 grains of few usually equal components. (See type 14.) All forms of transition into the 

 simple type may be found among the separated grains. 



Visciim album Linn. {Lwanthacew.) Fresh seed and embryo. Grains rounded to rounded-oval, usu- 

 ally without lamella; hilmn often distinct, about one-third to one-fourth eccentric. Length 

 about 2-ifi. Also compound grains of 2 to 4 components. The starch-grains in the embryo 

 are like those in the seed, though smaller. 



Loranthus europoeus Linn. {Loranthacece.) Dry seed and embryo. Grains rounded, oval-elliptical, or 

 conical; frequently slightly curved or irregular; no lamelhe; hilum at the thicker end, one- 

 third to one-fourth eccentric; instead of the hilum, a small cavitj^ with several radial fissures 

 may be present, rarely a longitudinal slit. Length about 18ju, width 12yLi. There also are 

 present numerous compound grains of 2 to 4 and more components. Starch plentiful in the 

 seed; also in the embryo, though the grains are smaller. 



Psittacanthus vellozianus Mart. {Loranthacea;.) Dry embryo. Grains oval, or conical, 1.5 times to 

 almost twice as long as thick; rarely with distinct lamellae, the outermost ones complete; 

 instead of a hilum, a small cavity is frequently present, from which sometimes rather short, 

 delicate fissures radiate; eccentricity about one-foiu-th; the hilum end usually thicker, fre- 

 quently distinctly narrower, in which case the distal end also becomes somewhat narrower. 

 Length 35 to 40/j, thickness about 30ju. The starch is a transition form to the inverted conical 

 type (type 6) and the rod-shaped type (type 9). 



Carolinea princeps Limi. (Malvacew.) Dry cotyledons. Grains spherical, spherical-oval, or short- 

 ened-conical; lamellaj indistinct; at the thicker end, instead of the hilum, a small cavity is 

 found; eccentricity about one-half to one-third. Length about 25/i. There are also present 

 compound grains of few usually unequal components. (See type 15.) 



Sterculiacece. Dry seeds. These starch-grains greatly resemble those in the cotyledons of the Legu- 

 minosce [Phaseolus, Vicia, etc.). They are oval, reniform, rounded-triangular, the broader 

 ones slightly compressed, a fissure coinciding with the largest diameter is found in the flat 

 grains, and on the circular ones a cylindrical canal. These at first on this account were 

 classified by Niigeli among the centric-oval type (ty])e 3). Triangular forms also occur with 

 fissures radiating from an eccentric point, as well as conical ones in which this point is at 

 the thickened end. It seemed to Nageli therefore more likely that these starch-grains are of 

 an eccentric structure and that they belonged partly to the conical type (type 7) and partly 

 to the wedgtvshapeil type (type 8). Investigation ujion the fresh grains Nageli states must 

 decide this point. 



