TYPE 8. GRAINS SIMPLE, ECCENTRIC, CUNEIFORM, OR FLATTENED. 227 



Canna glaucn Linn.^ According to Berg (Pharmacognosie, 481) the grains are very irregular; 

 usually (lisk-sliaped, or iiii(>qually curved on both surfaces; ovoid, quadrangular, cuneiform, 

 crescent-shajietl, or reniform. They are as large as grains of the potato starch; the hilum lies 

 at a jioint which in tlie reniform grains is emarginate, in the quadrangular grains often in 

 the middle, and surromided l\v numerous concentric lamelke. 



Canna giganlea Desf. According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, IG), the grains are pear-, flask-, 

 and retort-.shaped, and attain a length of 175/^; compressed to three-fourths or two-thirds of 

 their width; hilum at the narrow end; lamellae delicate. (See also p. 229.) 



Canna discolor Lindl. According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, 10), the grains are rounded- 

 shield-shape, more or less elongated-conical; hilum at the narrow, often somewhat protrud- 

 ing, end, or sometimes between two more or less marked projections; lamellae numerous. 

 Length about 150/u. 



Hydrophyllum virginicum. (Ilydrophyllacece.) Dry root-stocks and roots. Grains rounded-oval to 

 elongated-oval (elliptical), more or less triangular; half as broad as long; two-ninths to two- 

 fifths as thick as long, hilum end narrow and thick; distal end broad, thin, and squared; 

 lamellae none, or indistinct; instead of a hilum, a small cavity is usually present; eccentricity 

 of hilum one-sixth. Length 28^1, width 20(U. Among these grains are some compound forms 

 consisting of 2 to 5 equal or unequal components. 



Scheeria nwxicana Seem. {Gesneracexe.) Fresh scales of the root-stock. Grains oval, broadly-conical, 

 rounded-triangular, rarely oblong; half to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to 

 about half their width; from the narrow aspect they are conical; lamellae usually distinct; the 

 hilum end is narrow and thick; the distal end is broad and squared; eccentricity of hilum 

 about one-ninth. Length about 40yu, width about 33;u. 



Sdadocalyx imrszewiczii Kegel. {Gesneracea.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. Grains rounded, 

 rounded-triangular, or oval; 0.6 to 1.25 times as broad as long; the broader ones compressed 

 to about one-third of their width; from the narrow aspect they are oblong, with both ends 

 equal; lamellae distinct. Length about 50;u, width about 38/i. Isolated semi-compound 

 grains with several hila, and occasionally doublets, are also present. 



Achimenes hirsuia DC; Locheria hirsula Kegel. {Gesneracew.) Fresh scales of the root-stock.- Grains 

 oval, elongated- triangular, conical; one-half to three-fourths as broad as long; the broader 

 ones compressed; the narrower ones terete; from the narrow aspect both ends are either 

 alike or the hilum end may taper; lamellae delicate. Length about 50ai. Transitional forms 

 to the rod-shape (type 9). 



Isolonia vestitmn Benth. (Gesneracecs.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. Grains oval, broadly-conical, 

 3 to 4 angles with rounded corners; frequently somewhat irregular; 0.66 to 1.5 times as broad 

 as long; the broader ones compressed to about one-third or more of their width; lamella 

 usually indistinct. Size about 28yu. Some isolated doublets are also present. 



Tudcea regelii Heer. (Gesneracece.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. Grains oval, usually rounded- 

 triangular or mussel-shell-shaped; 0.66 to 1.5 times as broad as long; compressed to about 

 one-half or more of their width; from the narrow aspect the proximal and distal ends of almost 

 equal thickness; lamellae usually distinct; hilum about one-seventh eccentric. Among them 

 are found semi-compound or wholly compound grains, consisting of 2 to 3 equal or unequal 

 components. 



Tudcea picta Desne. {Gesneracece.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. Grains rounded, oval, triangular, 

 often somewhat irregular and angular; the distal end usually broad, occasionally somewhat 

 oblique; half to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to about half their width; 

 from the small longitudinal aspect cone-shaped, with thickened hilum end; lamellae numerous, 

 delicate, only the innermost ones complete; hilum about one-fifth to one-ninth eccentric; 

 occasionally several short fissures radiate from the hilum. Length about 50m, width 35/i. 

 Some semi-compound grains with two hila are also present. 



Trevirania longiflora Kegel. {Gesneracece.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. Grains oval, conical, 

 rounded, 3 and 4 angles; half to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to one-half, 

 rarely one-third, of their width, the narrower ones not at all or slightly compressed; lamellae 

 indistinct; hilum also often indistinct, located at the thicker end (in the broad, compressed 

 grains both ends are frequently of almost equal thickness). Length about 48ai, width 35^. 

 Transitional forms to the cone-shape (type 7). 



