TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 237 



Aristolochia clcmatitis Lam. {Arislolochiaceoe.) Fresh root-stock. Grains usually spherical; also 

 some lamella;; hilum usually indistinct, about one-third eccentric. Size about 11//. Also 

 some compoimd grains of 2 to 4 equal components. Size about lOfi. 



Asarum europceum Linn. (Aristolochiacece.) Dry stolons. Grains spherical or rounded-oval. Size 

 about G/x. Also some compound grains of 2 to 4, rarely 6, equal components. Size about ll/j. 

 Moderate amount of starch; oil plentiful. 



Plantago maritima Linn. (PlantaginacecB.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical to oval; rarely with a 

 small cavity. Size about ll;u. Also some compound grains of few usually unequal compon- 

 ents (see type 15). 



Plantago media Linn. {Plantaginacem.) Fresh root-stock. Grains rounded. Size about 7fi. Also 

 some compound and scparated-grains are observed (see type 15). 



Valeriana officinalis Linn. (Valerianaceos.) Fresh root-stock and stock. Grains spherical; occasion- 

 ally wth a central hilum. Size about 9/i. Also there are some compound grains of few 

 equal components (see type 15). 



Valeriana saliunca All. (Valerianacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical or rounded-oval. Size 

 4 to 6/t. Among the above are compound grains of few usually equal components (see type 

 14). Starch quite plentiful. 



Valeriana tuherosa Linn. (Valerianacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical; large or small central 

 cavity, frequently with several radiating fissures. Size about IS/i. Also a small number of 

 compound grains of few almost equal components (see type 14). 



Dahlia variabilis Desf. (Composita.) Fresh tuberous roots. Grains circular or rounded-oval; the 

 large ones compressed to one-fourth and more of their width; they are homogeneous. Size 

 about 40(1. Judging from the shape, this starch seems to belong to the centric-lenticular type. 



Cinchona sp.; Cortex china Huanaco. (flubiacece.) Dry bark. Grains rounded, irregular, very 

 often with curved surfaces. Size about 13/i. Most of the grains look as if they had been 

 affected by moist heat. Starch scarce. 



Swertia perennis Linn. (Gentianacew.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded, frequently spherical, rarely 

 with a small central cavity. Size 6 to 8fi. Among the above are compound grains of few 

 nearly equal components (see type 14). 



Omphalodes verna Moench. (Boraginaceoe.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded, rarely with a small 

 cavity. Size 5 to 7(U. Also compound grains of few nearly equal components (see type 14). 

 Starch scarce. 



Convolvulus soldanella Linn. {Convolvulacecc.) Dry stolons. Grains spherical, rarely oval; few with 

 single lamellae; a small cavity is observed instead of the hilum, central to one-half eccentric. 

 Size about 17ju. Among the above are some compound grains of few equal or imequal com- 

 ponents (see type 17). 



Convolvulus lineatus Linn. (Convolvulacew.) Dry root-stock. Simple and compound grains (see type 

 14) as in the preceding species. Size of the simple grains about 14/z. 



Convolvulus iinperati Vahl.; Batatas littoralis Chois. {Convolvulacecc.) Dry stoZo?is. Grains spherical 

 or oval-spherical; rarely with single delicate lamellae. Size about \.9tx. Among the above 

 are some compound grains of few usually equal components (see type 14). 



Ipomoea turpethum R. Br. {Convolvulacecc.) Roots. According to Leon Soubeiran (Journ. Pharm., 

 1854, XXV, 91), the grains are oval or indistinctly triangular; without hilum or lamellae; 

 rarely with either straight or radial fissiu-es; several grains are somewhat tuberculated and 

 apparently compound. Size 20 to 30 or 40/i- 



Polemonium reptans Linn. {Polenioniaceoe.) Dry root-stock. GxsJms rounded to oval, about twice 

 as long as broad; the broad ones slightly compressed; some grains have a small cavity. Size 

 about Syu. Among the above are also some compoimd grains of few nearly equal components 

 (see tj-pe 14). 



Atropa belladonna Linn. {Solanacece.) Dry root. Grains rounded, oval, oblong, elongated-conical, 

 frequently somewhat irregular; two-fifths to as broad as long; occasionally with indistinct 

 and few lamellse; mostly at the narrow aspect instead of the hilum a small cavity is observed; 

 eccentricity one-half to one-sixth. Length about 14 to 18m, width 13/i. Among the above 

 are some compound grains of few equal components (see type 14). 



Scrophularia nodosa Linn. {Scrophulariacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded to oblong and con- 

 ical. Size about 9/i. Compound grains of few equal or unequal components (see type 14). 



