238 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Gratiola officinalis Linn. (Scrophulariacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded to oval. Size about 

 6/1. Also compound grains with a few equal or unequal components arc observed (see type 14) . 



VeroJiica austriaca Limi. (Scropkulariacew.) Dry root. Grains spherical to oval; the large ones 

 with a small central cavity. Size 8 to lOju. Also some compound grains of few equal or un- 

 equal components (see type 14). 



Wulfenia carinthiaca Jacq. {Scrophulariacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded to oval. Size 5 to 

 7fi. Also some compound grains of few equal or unequal components (see type 14). 



Pediadaris harrelieri Rechb. (Scrophulariacem.) Dry root. Grains spherical or rounded-oval; the 

 larger ones with a small central cavity. Size about 9/x. With these are found compound 

 grains of few almost equal components (see type 14). Starch quite plentiful. 



Pedicularis rosea Wulf. (Scrophulariacece.) Dry rooi. Grains as in the preceding. Size about 7fi. 

 With these are found compound grains (see type 14). Starch quite plentiful in some parts of 

 the plant. 



Pedicularis acaulis Scop. (Scrophulariacece.) Dry root. Grains spherical to oval; the larger ones with 

 a small central cavity. Size about 8/x. Occasionally the size is about 11^; the grains then 

 have a swollen appearance and a large cavity. Among the above are compound grains of 

 few mostly equal components (see type 14). 



Primula calycina Dub. (Prinmlacece.) Dry root. Grains spherical to elliptical; the larger ones 

 have a small cavity at the thicker end instead of a hilum, one-half and one-third eccentric. 

 Size about 15;u. These grains appear to belong to the eccentric-conical type. Among the 

 above are some compound grains of few almost equal components (see type 14). Starch 

 plentiful. The starch in the root-stock is less plentiful, and is contained in thick-walled cells. 

 The grains are smaller (about 7ju) , rounded to oval ; the larger ones have a small cavity. 



Primula officinalis Jacq. (Prinmlacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded to oval, the larger with a 

 small cavity. Size about 7n. Among the above are some compound grains of 2 to 4 com- 

 ponents, and also separated-grains. Starch not plentiful; cells thick-walled. 



Soldanella alpina Linn. (Primulaceoe.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical, oval, frequently somewhat 

 irregular, occasionally with a small cavity. Size about Q^i. Also some compound grains 

 of few components of equal size (see type 14). Starch plentiful in thick-walled, porous cells. 

 Dry roots of the same plant: Grains spherical or oval-spherical; with a small central cavity, 

 frequently with several short radial fissures. Size about 13^. Also some compound grains 

 (see type 14). 



Glaux marilima Linn. (Primulacece.) Dry creeping stems.- Grains spherical or spherical-oval; 

 frequently with a small cavity from which short fissures may radiate. Size about 12m. Also, 

 there are some compound grains composed of a few mostly equal components, as in type 14. 

 Starch plentiful; cell-walls not noticealjly thick. 



Lysimachia vulgaris. (Prinmlacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical or rounded-oval; frequently 

 with a central cavity and a few short radial fissiu-es. Size about 15^. Among these are some 

 compound grains of few equal or unequal components (see type 14). 



Pyrola rotundifolia Linn. (Ericacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded to rounded-oval, occasionally 

 somewhat angular or irregular; many with a small cavity. Size 7 to 9ai. There are some 

 compound grains of few nearly equal components (see type 14). 



Astrantia major Linn. (Umhelliferw.) Dry root-stock.- Grains rounded or rounded-oval, often an- 

 gular or irregular, many with a small cavity. Size about 7^- There are several compound 

 grains and many separated-grains. 



Buplcurum longifolium Linn. (Umhelliferos.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded or oval, often irregu- 

 lar. Size about 7^. There are some compound grains of few components. Starch not 

 plentiful. 



Meum athamanticu7n Jacq.; Radix mei. (Umbelliferce.) Dry root. Grains rounded to lanceolate, 

 occasionally somewhat angular or irregular; the broader ones compressed to one-half and 

 over of their width. Size about 8^. The small grains are rounded and isodiametric ; the 

 large ones tabulate or rod-shaped. There were no indications of compound forms as in the 

 roots of other Umbclliferae. Some of the apparently simple grains may be separated-grains. 



Gaya simplex Gaud. (Malvacecc.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded to oval, often angular or irregu- 

 lar; many with a small cavity. Size 6 to 8ai. There are some compound grains and many 

 separated-grains. 



